Поля крови. Религия и история насилия - Карен Армстронг

1562

Crooke, Resistance, pp. 175–76

1563

Интервью Фадл-аллаха газете «Аль-Шира» (18 марта 1985 г.); Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, pp. 552–53

1564

Интервью Фадл-аллаха римской газете «Республика» (28 августа 1989 г.); Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, p. 552

1565

Crooke, Resistance, pp. 175–82

1566

Ibid., p. 182

1567

Ibid., pp. 183–87

1568

Robert Pape, Dying to Win: The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism (New York, 2005), pp. xiii, 22

1569

Ehud Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Far Right (Oxford and New York, 1991), p. 97; в итоге ранено было лишь двое мэров

1570

Ibid., pp. 94–95

1571

Ibid., p. 96; Aviezar Ravitsky, Messianism, Zionism and Jewish Religious Radicalism, trans. Michael Swirsky and Jonathan Chipman (Chicago and London, 1993), pp. 133–34

1572

Ibid., pp. 97–98.

1573

Gideon Aran, ‘Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism’, in Marty and Appleby, Fundamentalisms Observed, pp. 267–68

1574

Мехильта на Исход 20:13; М. Пирке Авот 6:6; ВТ Хорайот 13а; ВТ Санхедрин 4:5; см.: C. G. Montefiore and H. Loewe, eds, A Rabbinic Anthology (New York, 1974)

1575

Sprinzak, Ascendance of Israel’s Far Right, p. 121

1576

Ibid., p. 22

1577

Amartya Sen, Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny (London and New York, 2006)

1578

Raphael Mergui and Philippe Simonnot, Israel’s Ayatollahs: Meir Kahane and the Far Right in Israel (London, 1987), p. 45

1579

Ibid.

1580

Tom Segev, The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust, trans. Haim Watzman (New York, 1991), pp. 515–17

1581

Sprinzak, Ascendance of Israel’s Far Right, p. 221

1582

Ehud Sprinzak, ‘Three Models of Religious Violence: The Case of Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel’, in Marty and Appleby, Fundamentalisms and the State, p. 479

1583

Ibid., p. 480

1584

Ellen Posman, ‘History, Humiliation, and Religious Violence’, in Andrew R. Murphy, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence (Chichester, UK, 2011), pp. 336–37, 339

1585

Sudhir Kakar, The Colours of Violence: Cultural Identities, Religion and Conflict (Chicago and London, 1996), p. 15

1586

Daniel Gold, ‘Organized Hinduisms: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation’, in Marty and Appleby, eds, Fundamentalisms Observed, pp. 532, 572–73

1587

Kakar, Colours of Violence, pp. 48–51

1588

Paul R. Brass, Communal Riots in Post-Independence India (Seattle, 2003), pp. 66–67

1589

Kakar, Colours of Violence, pp. 154–57

1590

Ibid., p. 157

1591

Ibid., p. 158

1592

David Cook, Understanding Jihad (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 2005), p. 114

1593

Beverley Milton-Edwards, Islamic Politics in Palestine (London and New York, 1996), pp. 73–116

1594

Ibid., p. 118

1595

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 114

1596

Heilman, ‘Guides of the Faithful: Contemporary Religious Zionist Rabbis’, in R. Scott Appleby, ed., Spokesmen for the Despised: Fundamentalist Leaders in the Middle East (Chicago, 1997), pp. 352–53

1597

Ibid., p. 354

1598

G. Robinson, Building a Palestinian State: The Incomplete Revolution (Bloomington, Ind., 1997); Jeroen Gunning, ‘Rethinking Religion and Violence in the Middle East’, in Murphy, ed., Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence, p. 519.

1599

Gunning, ‘Rethinking Religion and Violence’, pp. 518–19

1600

Milton-Edwards, Islamic Politics, p. 148

1601

Anne Marie Oliver and Paul F. Steinberg, The Road to Martyrs’ Square: A Journey to the World of the Suicide Bomber (Oxford, 2005), p. 71

1602

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 116

1603

The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement, Article 1 (Jerusalem, 1988); John L. Esposito, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (Oxford, 2002), p. 96

1604

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 116

1605

Covenant, Article 1; Esposito, Unholy War, p. 96

1606

Talal Asad, On Suicide Bombing: The Wellek Lectures (New York, 2007), pp. 46–47

1607

См. Абдул Азиз Реутизи в: Anthony Shehad, Legacy of the Prophet: Despots, Democrats and the New Politics of Islam (Boulder, Colo., 2001), p. 124

1608

Esposito, Unholy War, pp. 97–98

1609

Bernard Lewis, The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror (New York, 2003); Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York, 2006)

1610

Gunning, ‘Rethinking Religion and Violence’, p. 516

1611

Asad, Suicide Bombing, p. 50

1612

Pape, Dying to Win, p. 130; эти цифры несколько отличаются от тех, что цитировались раннее по другому исследованию. Однако вывод в обоих случаях совпадает.

1613

Robert Pape, ‘Dying to Kill Us’, New York Times, 22 September 2003

1614

См. неопубликованный доклад: May Jayyusi, ‘Subjectivity and Public Witness: An Analysis of Islamic Militance in Palestine’ (2004). Цит. по: Asad, Suicide Bombing

1615

Gunning, ‘Rethinking Religion and Violence’, pp. 518–19

1616

Oliver and Steinberg, Road to Martyrs’ Square, p. 120

1617

Ibid., pp. 101–02; Gunning, ‘Rethinking Religion and Violence’, pp. 518–19

1618

Oliver and Steinberg, Road to Martyrs’ Square, p. 31

1619

Roxanne Euben, ‘Killing (for) Politics: Jihad, Martyrdom, Political Action’, Political Theory, 30, 1 (2002)

1620

Ibid., p. 49

1621

Суд. 16:23–31

1622

John Milton, Samson Agonistes (1671), строки 1710–11. [Здесь и далее цит. по пер. Ю. Корнеева: Мильтон Дж. Потерянный рай. Стихотворения. Самсон-борец. – М.: Художественная литература, 1976. – Прим. пер.]

1623

Ibid., строки 1721–24

1624

Ibid., строки 1752–55

1625

Asad, Suicide Bombing, pp. 74–75

1626

Ibid., p. 63

1627

Bourke, ‘Barbarisation vs. Civilisation’, p. 21

1628

Jacqueline Rose, ‘Deadly Embrace’, London Review of Books, 26, 21 (4 November 2004)

1629

Jason Burke, Al-Qaeda (London, 2003), pp. 72–75; Thomas Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979 (Cambridge, UK, 2010), pp. 7–8, 40–42; Gilles Kepel, Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam, trans. Anthony F. Roberts, 4th ed. (London, 2009), pp. 144–47; Lawrence Wright, The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda’s Road to 9 / 11 (New York, 2006), pp. 95–101; David Cook, Understanding Jihad (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 2005), pp. 128–31

1630

Абдулла Аззам, «Последняя воля Абдуллы Юсуфа Аззама; кто беден пред Господом»; продиктовано 20 апреля 1986 г. См. перевод в: Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 130

1631

Burke, Al-Qaeda, p. 75

1632

Andrew Preston, Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy (New York and Toronto, 2012), p. 585

1633

Kepel, Jihad, pp. 137–40, 147–49; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 58–62; Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 58–60.

1634

Abdullah Azzam, ‘Martyrs: The Building Blocks of Nations’; trans. Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 129

1635

Ibid.

1636

Ibid.

1637

Абдулла Аззам, «Последняя воля Абдуллы Юсуфа Аззама». см.: перевод в: Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 130

1638

Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, Join the Caravan (Birmingham, UK, n. d.)

1639

Wright, Looming Tower, p. 96

1640

Ibid., p. 130

1641

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 8–37, 229–33

1642

Natana J. DeLong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad (Cairo, 2005), pp. 35, 194–96, 203–11, 221–24

1643

Hamid Algar, Wahhabism: A Critical Essay (Oneonta, NY, 2002)

1644

DeLong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam, pp. 247–56; Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 74

1645

Kepel, Jihad, pp. 57–59, 69–86; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 56–60; John Esposito, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (Oxford, 2002), pp. 106–10

1646

Kepel, Jihad, p. 71

1647

Ibid., p. 70

1648

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 19–24

1649

Ibid., pp. 60–64

1650

Al-Quds al-Arabi, 202 (March 2005); Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, p. 61

1651

Al-Quds al-Arabi

1652

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, p. 61

1653

Ibid., pp. 61–62

1654

Ibid. p. 64

1655

Nasir al-Basri, Al-Quds al-Arabi, in ibid.

1656

Michael A. Sells, The Bridge Betrayed: Religion and Genocide in Bosnia (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1996), p. 154

1657

Ibid., p. 9

1658

Ibid., pp. 29–52

1659

Ibid., pp. 1–3

1660

Ibid., p. 72–79, 117

1661

Chris Hedges, War is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (New York, 2003), p. 9

1662

New York Times, 18 October 1995; Sells, Bridge Betrayed, p. 10

1663

S. Burg, ‘The International Community and the Yugoslav Crisis’, in Milton Eshman and Shibley Telham, eds., International Organizations and Ethnic Conflict (Ithaca, NY, 1994); David Rieff, Slaughterhouse: Bosnia and the Failure of the West (New York, 1993)

1664

Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Allies’, New York Times, 7 June 1995