Поля крови. Религия и история насилия - Карен Армстронг

1314

Hodgson, Venture of Islam, 3, pp. 199–201; G. W. F. Hegel, The Philosophy of Right, paragraphs 246, 248

1315

Kautsky, Political Consequences of Modernization, pp. 60–61

1316

Hodgson, Venture of Islam, 3, p. 208; Bassam Tibi, The Crisis of Political Islam: A Pre-Industrial Culture in the Scientific-Technological Age (Salt Lake City, Utah, 1988), pp. 1–25

1317

Hodgson, Venture of Islam, 33, pp. 210–12

1318

O’Connell, Arms and Men, p. 235; Percival Spear, India (Ann Arbour, Mich., 1961), p. 270

1319

Daniel Gold, ‘Organized Hinduisms: From Vedic Truth to Hindu Nation’, in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds, Fundamentalisms Observed (Chicago and London, 1991), pp. 534–37

1320

Wilfred Cantwell Smith, The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Religious Traditions of Mankind (New York, 1964), pp. 61–62

1321

Patwant Singh, The Sikhs (New York, 1999), p. 28

1322

Guru Garth Sahib, 1136, in ibid., p. 18

1323

John Clark Archer, The Sikhs in Relation to Hindus, Christians and Ahmadiyas (Princeton, NJ, 1946), p. 170

1324

T. N. Madan, ‘Fundamentalism and the Sikh Religious Tradition’, in Marty and Appleby, eds, Fundamentalisms Observed, 602

1325

Kenneth W. Jones, ‘The Arya Samaj in British India, 1875–1947’, in Robert D. Baird, ed., Religion in Modern India (Delhi, 1981), pp. 50–52

1326

Madan, ‘Fundamentalism’, p. 605

1327

Ibid., pp. 603–6

1328

Harjot S. Oberoi, ‘From Ritual to Counter Ritual: Rethinking the Hindu – Sikh Question, 1884–1915’, in Joseph T. O’Connell, ed., Sikh History and Religion in the Twentieth Century (Toronto, 1988), pp. 136–40

1329

N. Gould Barrier, ‘Sikhs and Punjab Politics’, in O’Connell, Sikh History

1330

Madan, ‘Fundamentalism’, p. 617

1331

Mumtaz Ahmad, ‘Islamic Fundamentalism in South Asia: The Jama’at-i-Islami and the Tablighi Jamaat’, in Marty and Appleby, eds, Fundamentalisms Observed, p. 460

1332

O’Connell, Arms and Men, pp. 231–35

1333

Ibid., p. 191

1334

Ibid., p. 233

1335

G. W. Steevans, With Kitchener to Khartoum (London, 1898), p. 300.

1336

Speech of Sir John Ardagh, 22 June 1899, in The Proceedings of the Hague Peace Conference (London, 1920), pp. 286–87

1337

Elbridge Colby, ‘How to Fight Savage Tribes’, American Journal of International Law, 21, 2 (1927); выделено автором

1338

Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (New Perspectives on the Past) (Oxford, 1983).

1339

Anthony Giddens, The Nation-State and Violence (Berkeley, 1987), p. 89

1340

Ibid., pp. 85–89; William T. Cavanaugh, Migrations of the Holy: God, State, and the Political Meaning of the Church (Grand Rapids, Mich., 2011), pp. 18–19

1341

Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London and New York, 2003) (Андерсон Б. Воображаемые сообщества. – М.: Канон-Пресс-Ц, 2001.)

1342

Mark Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State. Vol. III: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide (London and New York, 2005), pp. 26–27, 112–20; David Stannard, American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World (New York and Oxford, 1992), p. 120; Ward Churchill, A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present (San Francisco, 1997), p. 150; Anthony F. C. Wallace, Jefferson and the Indians: The Tragic Fate of the First Americans (Cambridge, Mass., 1999)

1343

Norman Cantor, The Sacred Chain: A History of the Jews (London, 1995), pp. 236–37

1344

John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, Liberty, and Representational Government (London, 1910), pp. 363–64 (Милль Дж. С. Утилитаризм. – Ростов-на-Дону: Донской издательский дом, 2013.)

1345

Цит. по: Antony Smith, Myths and Memories of the Nation (Oxford, 1999), p. 33

1346

Цит. по: Levene, Genocide, pp. 150–51; ср. C. A. Macartney, National States and National Minorities (London, 1934), p. 17

1347

Bruce Lincoln, Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11, 2nd ed. (Chicago and London, 2006), pp. 62–63

1348

Johann Gottlieb Fichte, ‘What a People Is, and What Is Love of Fatherland’, in Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation, ed. and trans. Gregory Moore (Cambridge, 2008), p. 105 (Фихте И.-Г. Речи к немецкой нации. – Рязань: Канон+, 2008.)

1349

Zinn, People’s History, pp. 23–58; Basil Davidson, The African Slave Trade (Boston, 1961); Stanley Elkins, Slavery: A Problem of American Institutional and Intellectual Life (Chicago, 1959); Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York, 1975).

1350

Лев. 25:45–46; Быт. 9:25–27, 17:12; Втор. 20:10–11; 1 Кор. 7:21; Рим. 13:1, 7; Кол. 3:22, 4:1; 1 Тим. 6:1–2; Фил., passim

1351

Thornhill, ‘Our National Sins’, in Fast Day Sermons or The Pulpit on the State of the Country, ed. anonymous (Charleston, SC, 2009 ed.), p. 48

1352

Beecher, ‘Peace Be Still’, in ibid., p. 276

1353

Van Dyke, ‘The Character and Influence of Abolitionism’, in ibid., p. 137

1354

Lewis, ‘Patriarchal and Jewish Servitude: No Argument for American Slavery’, in ibid., p. 180

1355

Noll, Civil War, pp. 1–8

1356

Ibid., pp. 19–22; ‘The Rise and Long Life of the Protestant Enlightenment in America’, in William M. Shea and Peter A. Huff, Knowledge and Belief in America: Enlightenment Trends and Modern Thought (New York, 1995), pp. 84–124; May, Enlightenment in America, passim.

1357

James M. McPherson, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War (New York, 1997), p. 63; ‘Afterword’, in Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout and Charles Reagan Wilson, eds, Religion and the American Civil War (New York, 1998), p. 412

1358

Noll, Civil War, pp. 52–79

1359

Beecher, ‘Abraham Lincoln’, in Patriotic Addresses (New York, 1887), p. 711

1360

Bushnell, ‘Our Obligations to the Dead’, in Building Eras in Religion (New York, 1881), pp. 328–29

1361

O’Connell, Arms and Men, pp. 189–96

1362

Grady McWhiney and Perry D. Jamieson, Attack and Die: The Civil War, Military Tactics, and Southern Heritage (Montgomery, Ala., 1982), pp. 4–7

1363

Bruce Cotton, Grant Takes Command (Boston, 1968), p. 262

1364

O’Connell, Arms and Men, pp. 198–99

1365

Noll, Civil War, pp. 90–92

1366

Alastair McGrath, The Twilight of Atheism: The Rise and Fall of Disbelief in the Modern World (London and New York), pp. 52–55, 60–66.

1367

James R. Moore, ‘Geologists and Interpreters of Genesis in the Nineteenth Century’, in David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers, eds, God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science (New York, 1986), pp. 341–43

1368

Noll, Civil War, pp. 159–62

1369

Richard Maxwell Brown, Strain of Violence: Historical Studies of American Violence and Vigilantism (New York, 1975), pp. 217–18

1370

O’Connell, Arms and Men, 202–10; McNeill, Pursuit of Power, pp. 242–55

1371

I. F. Clarke, Voices Prophesying War: Future Wars 1763–3749, rev. ed. (Oxford and New York, 1992), pp. 37–88

1372

Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (London, 1987), p. 365

1373

Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Ithaca, NY, 1989), pp. 40–77

1374

Amos Elon, The Israelis: Founders and Sons, 2nd ed. (London, 1981), p. 112

1375

Ibid., p. 338

1376

Eric J. Leed, No Man’s Land: Combat and Identity in World War I (Cambridge, UK, 1979), pp. 39–72

1377

Stefan Zweig, The World of Yesterday: An Autobiography (New York, 1945), p. 224. [Пер. Г. Кагана. Цит. по: Цвейг С. Вчерашний мир. – М.: Вагриус, 2004. – Прим. пер.]

1378

Leed, No Man’s Land, p. 55

1379

Zweig, World of Yesterday, p. 24; ср. Leed, No Man’s Land, p. 47

1380

Цит. по: H. Hafkesbrink, Unknown Germany: An Inner Chronicle of the First World War Based on Letters and Diaries (New Haven, Conn., 1948), p. 37

1381

Rudolf Binding, Erlebtes Leben (Frankfurt, 1928), p. 237

1382

Carl Zuckmayer, Pro Domo (Stockholm, 1938), pp. 34–35

1383

Franz Schauwecker, The Fiery Way (London and Toronto, 1921), p. 29

1384

Цит. по: Carl Schorske, German Social Democracy, 1905–1917 (Cambridge, Mass., 1955), p. 390

1385

Leed, No Man’s Land, p. 29

1386

P. Witkop, ed. Kriegsbriefe gefallener Studenten (Munich, 1936), p. 100

1387

Lawrence, The Mint (New York, 1963), p. 32

1388

De Beauvoir, Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter (New York, 1974), p. 180 (де Бовуар С. Воспоминания благовоспитанной девицы. – М.: Согласие, 2004.)

1389

Emilio Lussu, Sardinian Brigade (New York, 1939), p. 167

1390

Подробнее см.: мою книгу: The Battle for God: A History of Fundamentalism (London and New York, 2000). (Армстронг К. Битва за Бога. История фундаментализма. – М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2013.)

1391

Кальвин, Комментарий на Быт. 1:6; см.: The Commentaries of John Calvin on the Old Testament, 30 vols, Calvin Translation Society, 1643–48, 1, p. 86. Подробнее о древних иудейских и христианских истолкованиях Библии, которые не придерживались буквалистского подхода, см.: мою книгу: The Bible: The Biography (London and New York, 2007) (Армстронг К. Библия. Биография книги. – М.: АСТ, 2008)

1392

Hodge, What Is Darwinism? (Princeton, NJ, 1874), p. 142

1393

2 Фес 2:3–12; Откр 16:15; Paul Boyer, When Time Shall Be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture (Cambridge, Mass., 1992), p. 192; George Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870–1925 (New York and Oxford, 1980), pp. 154–55