Поля крови. Религия и история насилия - Карен Армстронг

1065

Ibid., 2, pp. 334–60

1066

John H. Kautsky, The Politics of the Aristocratic Empire, 2nd ed. (New Brunswick and London, 1997), p. 146

1067

Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State (London, 1974), p. 505

1068

Fernandez-Armesto, 1492, pp. 2–4

1069

Timothy H. Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fail (Oxford, 2010), p. 117; Peter Jay, Road to Riches or The Wealth of Man (London, 2000), p. 147.

1070

Jay, Road to Riches, p. 151

1071

Ibid., pp. 152–53

1072

Henry Kamen, Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492–1763 (New York, 2003), p. 83

1073

Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States: From 1492 to the Present, 2nd ed. (New York, 1996), p. 11 (Говард Зинн. Народная история США. – М.: Весь мир, 2006.)

1074

Massimo Livi-Bacci, A Concise History of World Population (Oxford, 1997), pp. 56–59 (Ливи-Баччи М. Демографическая история Европы. – Рязань: Александрия, 2010.)

1075

Parsons, Rule of Empires, p. 121

1076

Ibid., p. 117

1077

Jay, Road to Riches, p. 150

1078

Mark Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide (London and New York, 2005), pp. 15–29

1079

Каэтан, На «Вторую часть второй части» Аквината, вопрос 66, пункт 8; см.: Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford, 1999), p. 70

1080

Francisco de Vitoria, Political Writings, ed. Anthony Pagden and Jeremy Lawrence (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 225–26

1081

Thomas More, Utopia, ed. George M. Logan and Robert M. Adams (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 89–90. [Перевод А. Малеина и Ф. Петровского. Здесь и далее Цит. по: Мор Т. Утопия. – М.: Издательство Академии наук СССР, 1953. – Прим. пер.]

1082

Ibid., p. 58

1083

Ibid.

1084

Tuck, Rights of War and Peace, p. 15. Макс Вебер высказывал аналогичную мысль в 1906 году; см.: H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, trans. and ed., From Max Weber (London, 1948), pp. 71–72

1085

Отрывок из Тацита цитируется в сочинении Джентили «О праве войны»; см.: Gentili, The Rights of War and Peace, in Three Books (London, 1738), 2.2.17; Tuck, Rights of War and Peace, pp. 47–48

1086

Аристотель, Политика, 1256; см.: Richard McKeon, ed., The Basic Works of Aristotle (New York, 1941). [Перевод С. Жебелева. Цит. по: Аристотель. Сочинения: в 4 томах. Том 4. – М.: Мысль, 1983. – Прим. пер.]

1087

Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: An Historical Revision (London, 1997), pp. 45, 68, 137

1088

Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (London, 1987), pp. 225–29.

1089

Haim Beinart, Conversos on Trial: The Inquisition in Ciudad Real (Jerusalem, 1981), pp. 3–6

1090

Norman Roth, Conversos, Inquisition and the Expulsion of Jews from Spain (Madison, 1995), pp. 283–84.

1091

Ibid., p. 19

1092

Fernández-Armesto, 1492, pp. 94–96

1093

Johnson, History of the Jews, p. 229; Yirmiyahu Yovel, Spinoza and Other Heretics: I. The Marrano of Reason (Princeton, NJ, 1989), pp. 17–18

1094

Johnson, History of the Jews, pp. 225–29

1095

Kamen, Spanish Inquisition, pp. 57–59; William Monter, Frontiers of Heresy: The Spanish Inquisition from the Basque Lands to Sicily (Cambridge, UK, 1990), p. 53

1096

Kamen, Spanish Inquisition, p. 69

1097

Robin Briggs, ‘Embattled Faiths: Religion and Natural Philosophy’, in Euan Cameron, ed., Early Modern Europe: An Oxford History (Oxford, 1999), pp. 197–205

1098

Jay, Road to Riches, pp. 160–63

1099

Henri Pirenne, Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade (Princeton, 1946), pp. 168–212; Bert F. Hoselitz, Sociological Aspects of Economic Growth (New York, 1960), pp. 163–72

1100

Norman Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages (London, 1984 ed.) pp. 107–16

1101

Euan Cameron, ‘The Power of the Word: Renaissance and Reformation’, in Cameron, Early Modern Europe, pp. 87–90

1102

Richard Marius, Martin Luther: The Christian between God and Death (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1999), pp. 73–74, 214–15, 486–87

1103

Joshua Mitchell, Not By Reason Alone: History and Identity in Early Modern Political Thought (Chicago, 1993), pp. 23–30

1104

Martin Luther, ‘Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed’, trans. J. J. Schindel, revised by Walther I. Brandt in J. M. Porter, ed., Luther: Selected Political Writings (SPW) (Eugene, Oreg., 2003), p. 54

1105

Ibid., p. 55

1106

Ibid.

1107

Ibid., p. 56

1108

Martin Luther, ‘Whether Soldiers, Too, Can Be Saved’, trans. Charles M. Jacobs, revised by Robert C. Schultz in SPW, p. 108

1109

J. W. Allen, A History of Political Thought in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1928), p. 16; Sheldon S. Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Boston, 1960), p. 164

1110

Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, pp. 245–50

1111

Martin Luther, ‘Admonition to Peace: A Reply to the Twelve Articles of the Peasants in Swabia’ (1525), trans. J. J. Schindel, revised by Walther I. Brandt, in SPW, p. 72

1112

Ibid., p. 78

1113

Ibid., p. 82

1114

Martin Luther, ‘Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants’ (1525), trans. Charles M. Jacobs, revised by Robert C. Schultz in SPW, p. 86

1115

Steven Ozment, The Reformation of the Cities: The Appeal of Protestantism to Sixteenth Century Germany and Switzerland (New Haven, 1975), pp. 10–11, 123–25, 148–50

1116

Charles A. McDaniel, Jr., ‘Violent Yearnings for the Kingdom of God: Münster’s Militant Anabaptism’, in James K. Wellman, ed., Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence across Time and Tradition (Lanham, Md., 2007), p. 74. Социальная опасность сохранялась, хотя в последние дни мюнстерских анабаптистов их вождь Иоанн Лейденский стал называть себя королем, устроил псевдоимперский двор и прибегал к крутым мерам.

1117

Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, pp. 255–79

1118

Я подробно обсуждала это в книге: The Case for God (London and New York, 2009) (Армстронг К. Биография Бога. Все, что человечество успело узнать. – М.: Эксмо, 2012.). См. также: Wilfred Cantwell Smith, The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Religious Traditions of Mankind (New York, 1962); Belief in History (Charlottesville, Va., 1985); Faith and Belief (Princeton, NJ, 1987)

1119

William T. Cavanaugh, The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford, 2009), pp. 72–74

1120

Thomas More, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, ed. Thomas M. C. Lawlor (New Haven, 1981), p. 416

1121

François-André Isambert, ed., Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises depuis l’an 420 jusqu’à la Révolution de 1789 (Paris, 1821–33), 12, p. 819

1122

Brad S. Gregory, Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1999), p. 201

1123

Raymund F. Mentzer, Heresy Proceedings in Languedoc, 1500–1560 (Philadelphia, 1984), p. 172

1124

Philip Spierenberg, The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression: From a Pre-Industrial Metropolis to the European Experience (Cambridge, UK, 1984); Lionello Puppi, Torment in Art: Pain, Violence and Martyrdom (New York, 1991), pp. 11–69

1125

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 77–79

1126

David Nicholls, ‘The Theatre of Martyrdom in the French Reformation’, Past and Present, 121 (1998); Susan Brigdon, London and the Reformation (Oxford, 1989), p. 607; Mentzer, Heresy Proceedings, p. 71

1127

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 80–81

1128

Втор. 13:1–3, 5, 6–11 цитируется Иоганном Экком в «Учебнике общих положений» (1525), а также Кальвином в оправдание казни антитринитария Мигеля Сервета

1129

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 84–87

1130

Ibid., pp. 111, 154

1131

Ibid., pp. 261–69

1132

Allen, Apologie of the English College (Douai, 1581); Gregory, Salvation at Stake, p. 283

1133

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 285–86

1134

Kamen, Spanish Inquisition, pp. 204–13

1135

Ibid., p. 203

1136

Ibid., p. 98

1137

Ibid., pp. 223–45

1138

Ibid.

1139

Cavanaugh, Myth of Religious Violence, p. 122

1140

J. V. Poliskensky, War and Society in Europe, 1618–1848 (Cambridge, 1978), pp. 77, 154, 217

1141

Cavanaugh, Myth of Religious Violence, pp. 142–55

1142

Richard S. Dunn, The Age of Religious Wars, 1559–1689 (New York, 1970), p. 6 (Данн Р. Эпоха религиозных войн. – М.: Центрополиграф, 2011.); James D. Tracy, Charles V, Impresario of War: Campaign Strategy, International Finance, and Domestic Politics (Cambridge, 2002), pp. 45–47, 306

1143

William Blockmans, Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558 (London and New York, 2002), pp. 95, 110; William Maltby, The Reign of Charles V (New York, 2002), pp. 112–13

1144

Tracy, Charles V, p. 307; Blockmans, Emperor Charles V, p. 47

1145

Klaus Jaitner, ‘The Pope and the Struggle for Power during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, in Klaus Bussman and Heinz Schilling, eds, War and Peace in Europe, 3 vols (Münster, 1998), 1, p. 62

1146

Maltby, Reign of Charles V, p. 62; Tracy, Charles V, pp. 209–15

1147

Tracy, Charles V, pp. 32–34; 46