Поля крови. Религия и история насилия - Карен Армстронг
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815
Августин, О граде Божьем, 18.54; см.: MacMullen, Christianising the Roman Empire, p. 100. [Творения блаженного Августина, епископа Иппонийского. Части 3–5. Издание второе. – Киев: Типография Чолокова, 1905–1910. – Прим. пер.]
816
Peter Brown, ‘Religious Dissent in the Later Roman Empire: The Case of North Africa’, History, 46 (1961); Brown, ‘Religious Coercion in the Later Roman Empire: The Case of North Africa, ’ History, 48 (1963); Gaddis, There is No Crime, p. 133
817
Августин, Послания, 47:5; NPNF
818
Августин, Против Феста, 22.74; NPNF
819
Августин, Послания, 93.6
820
Августин, О свободе воли, 9.1.5; Augustine, On the Free Choice of the Will, trans. Thomas Williams (Indianapolis, 1993).
821
Brown, Rise of Western Christendom, pp. 7–8
822
Gaddis, There is No Crime, pp. 283–89
823
Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, trans. G. R. Driver and Leonard Hodgson (Oxford, 1925), pp. 199–200
824
Сократ, Церковная история, 7.32; NPNF
825
Палладий, Диалог о жизни Иоанна Златоуста, 20. 579
826
Gaddis, There is No Crime, pp. 292–310
827
Послание Феодосия Варсуме, 14 мая 449 года; ibid., p. 298
828
Деяния Халкидонского собора; ibid., p. 156
829
Nestorius, Bazaar of Heracleides, pp. 482–83
830
Gaddis, There is No Crime, pp. 310–27
831
John Meyendorff, ‘The Role of Christ I: Christ as Saviour in the East’, in Bernard McGinn, Jill Raitt and John Meyendorff, eds, Christian Spirituality: High Middle Ages to Reformation (London, 1987), pp. 236–37
832
Meyndorff, Byzantine Theology, pp. 213–15
833
Brown, World of Late Antiquity, pp. 166–8
834
Ibid., p. 166
835
Ibid.
836
Brown, World of Late Antiquity, pp. 160–65; Brown The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200–1000 (Oxford and Malden, Mass., 1996), pp. 173–74.
837
Максим Исповедник, Амбигвы, 42; см.: Andrew Louth, Maximus the Confessor (London and New York, 1996). [Цит. по: Мейендорф И. Византийское богословие: исторические тенденции и доктринальные темы. – Минск: Лучи Софии, 2001. – Прим. пер.]
838
Максим Исповедник, Послание 2: О любви, 401 г; см.: Louth, Maximus the Confessor.
839
Максим Исповедник, Главы о любви, 1.61. Ср. Мф. 5:44 и 1 Тим 2:4. [Перевод А. Сидорова. Цит. по: Творения преподобного Максима Исповедника. Книга I. Богословские и аскетические трактаты. – М.: Мартис, 1993. – Прим. пер.]
840
Meyendorff, Byzantine Theology, pp. 212–22
841
Подробнее о жизни Мухаммада и истории Аравии см.: Muhammad: A Prophet for Our Time (London and New York, 2006). (Армстронг К. Мухаммад. История пророка. – М.: София, 2008.)
842
Muhammad A. Bamyeh, The Social Origins of Islam: Mind, Economy, Discourse (Minneapolis, 1999), pp. 11–12
843
Toshihiko Izutsu, Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an (Montreal and Kingston, Ont., 2002), pp. 29, 46
844
R. A. Nicholson, A Literary History of the Arabs (Cambridge, 1953), p. 83
845
Ibid., pp. 28–45
846
Bamyeh, Social Origins of Islam, p. 38
847
Быт. 16; 17:25; 21:8–21
848
Коран 5:69; 88:17–20
849
Коран 3:84–85
850
W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Mecca (Oxford, 1953), p. 68
851
Коран 90:13–17
852
Izutsu, Ethico-Religious Concepts, p. 28
853
Ibid., pp. 68–69; Коран 14: 47; 39:37; 15:79; 30:47; 44:16
854
Коран 25:63, trans., Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Quran (Gibraltar, 1980)
855
W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad’s Mecca: History of the Quran (Edinburgh, 1988), p. 25
856
W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Medina (Oxford, 1956), pp. 173–231
857
Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah in A. Guillaume, trans. and ed., The Life of Muhammad (London, 1955), p. 232
858
Watt, Muhammad at Medina, pp. 6–8; Bamyeh, Social Origins of Islam, pp. 198–99; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols (Chicago and London, 1974), 1, pp. 75–76
859
Коран 29:46
860
Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History (Princeton and Oxford, 2006), p. 193
861
Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources (London, 1983), pp. 247–55; Tor Andrae, Muhammad: The Man and His Faith, trans. Theophil Menzil (London, 1936), pp. 213–15; Watt, Muhammad at Medina, pp. 46–59; Bamyeh, Social Origins of Islam, pp. 222–27
862
Коран 48:26; см.: Izutsu, Ethico-Religious Concepts, p. 31
863
Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah, 751, in Guillaume, Life of Muhammad. Ср. Коран 110
864
Paul L. Heck, ‘Jihad Revisited’, Journal of Religious Ethics, 32, 1 (2004); Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 21–22
865
Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, p. 25; Reuven Firestone, Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam (Oxford and New York, 1999), pp. 42–45
866
Коран 16:125–128
867
Коран 22:39–41; 2:194; 2:197
868
Коран 9:5
869
Коран 8:61
870
Коран 9:29
871
Firestone, Jihad, pp. 49–50
872
Коран 15:94–95; 16:135
873
Коран 2:190; 22: 39–45
874
Коран 2:191, 217
875
Коран 2:191; 9.5, 29
876
Firestone, Jihad, pp. 50–65
877
Коран 2:216. [Здесь и далее перевод Э. Кулиева. Цит. по: Смысловой перевод Священного Корана на русский язык. – Медина: Комплекс имени Короля Фахда по изданию священного Корана, 2002. – Прим. пер.]
878
Коран 9:38–39; см.: M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, trans., The Qur’an: A New Translation (Oxford, 2004)
879
Коран 9:43
880
Коран 9:73–74; 63:1–3
881
Коран 2:109; ср. 50:59
882
Коран 42:15
883
Firestone, Jihad, pp. 73, 157
884
Коран 9:5
885
Коран 2:193
886
Ibid.
887
Garth Fowden, Empire to Commonwealth: Consequences of Monotheism in Late Antiquity (Princeton, 1993), pp. 140–42
888
John Keegan, The History of Warfare (London, 1993), pp. 195–96
889
Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity, AD 150–750 (London, 1989), p. 193
890
Предание, изложенное в «Мутир», а затем переданное Шамсом ад-Дином Суюти: см.: Guy Le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from AD 650 to 1500 (London, 1890), pp. 139–43; Tabari, Tarikh ar-Rasul wa’l Muluk, 1:2405 in Moshe Gil, A History of Palestine, 634–1099, trans. Ethel Broido (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 70–72, 143–48, 636–38
891
«Книга Заповедей», цитируемая в: Gil, History, p. 69–70
892
Михаил Сириец, Хроника, 3.226. Цит. по: Joshua Prawer, The Latin Kingdom in Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages (London, 1972), p. 216
893
Peter Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200–1000 (Oxford and Malden, Mass., 1996), p. 185; Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, p. 56
894
Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 64–89; 168–69
895
David Cook, Understanding Jihad (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 2005), pp. 22–24
896
Ibid., pp. 13–19; Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 46–54; Firestone, Jihad, pp. 93–99
897
Jan Wensinck, Concordance et indices de la tradition musulmane, 5 vols (Leiden, 1992), 1, 994
898
Ibid., 5, 298
899
Al-Hindi, Kanz (Beirut, 1989), 4, p. 282, no. 10,500; Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 18
900
Ibn Abi Asim, Jihad (Medina, 1986), 1, pp. 140–41, no. 11
901
Wensinck, Concordance, 2.212; S. Bashear, ‘Apocalyptic and Other Materials on Early Muslim – Byzantine Wars’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3, 1 (1991)
902
Wensinck, Concordance, 4.344; Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, p. 51
903
Wensinck, Concordance, 2.312
904
Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 23–25
905
Ibn al-Mubarak, Kitab al-Jihad (Beirut, 1971), pp. 89–90; no. 105; Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 23
906
Abu Daud, Sunan III, p. 4; no. 2484
907
Коран 3:157, 167
908
Abd al-Wahhab Abd al-Latif, ed., Al-jami al-sahih, 5 vols (Beirut, n. d.), 106, no. 1712 in David Cook, ‘Jihad and Martyrdom in Islamic History’, in Andrew R. Murphy, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence (Chichester, 2011), pp. 283–84
909
Ibn al-Mubarak, Kitab al-Jihad, pp. 63–64, no. 64 in Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 26
910
Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History, pp. 119–20
911
Ibid., pp. 125–26; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilisation, 3 vols (Chicago and London, 1974), 1, p. 216; John L. Esposito, Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam (Oxford, 2002), pp. 41–42