Поля крови. Религия и история насилия - Карен Армстронг

1235

Ibid., p. 33

1236

Ibid., p. 35

1237

Bradford, History of the Plymouth Plantation, in Zinn, People’s History, p. 15

1238

Ronald Dale Kerr, ‘Why Should You Be So Furious? The Violence of the Pequot War’, Journal of American History, 85 (December 1998)

1239

Preston, Sword of the Spirit, pp. 41–45; Andrew R. Murphy, ‘Cromwell, Mather and the Rhetoric of Puritan Violence’, in Murphy, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence (Chichester, 2011), pp. 525–35

1240

Miller, ‘Puritan State’, pp. 150–51

1241

Sherwood Eliot Wirt, ed., Spiritual Awakening: Classic Writings of the Eighteenth-Century Devotios to Inspire and Help the Twentieth-Century Reader (Tring, 1988), p. 110

1242

Alan Heimert, Religion and the American Mind: From the Great Awakening to Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), p. 43

1243

Miller, ‘Puritan State’, p. 150

1244

Stoddard, ‘An Examination of the Power of the Fraternity’ (1715), in Heimart and Delbanco, Puritans in America, p. 388

1245

Perry Miller, ‘Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening’, in Errand, pp. 162–66

1246

Ibid., p. 165

1247

Ruth H. Bloch, Visionary Republic: Millennial Themes in American Thought, 1756–1800 (Cambridge, UK, 1985), pp. 14–15

1248

В первоначальном проекте Декларации упоминались такие самоочевидные права, как «жизнь, свобода и собственность». Лишь впоследствии появилось упоминание о «стремлении к счастью»

1249

Jon Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1990), p. 198

1250

Bloch, Visionary Republic, pp. 81–88

1251

Timothy Dwight, A Valedictory Address to the Young Gentlemen Who Commenced Bachelors of Arts, July 27 1776 (New Haven, Conn., 1776), p. 14

1252

Lovejoy, Religious Enthusiasm in the New World, p. 226

1253

Ibid.

1254

Thomas Paine, Common Sense and the Crisis (New York, 1975), p. 59

1255

Bloch, Visionary Republic, p. 55

1256

Ibid., pp. 60–63

1257

Ibid., pp. 29, 31

1258

Edwin S. Gaustad, Faith of Our Fathers: Religion and the New Nation (San Francisco, 1987), p. 38

1259

Madison to William Bradford, 1 April 1774, in William T. Hutchinson and William M. E. Rachal, eds, The Papers of James Madison (Chicago, 1962), 1, pp. 212–13

1260

Madison, ‘Memorial and Remonstrance’ (1785), 7, in Gaustad, Faith of Our Fathers, p. 145

1261

Jefferson, Statute for Establishing Religious Freedom (1786), in ibid., p. 150

1262

Henry S. Stout, ‘Rhetoric and Reality in the Early Republic: The Case of the Federalist Clergy’, in Mark A. Noll, ed., Religion and American Politics: From the Colonial Period to the 1980s (Oxford and New York, 1990), pp. 65–66, 75

1263

Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven, Conn., and London, 1989), p. 22

1264

Ibid., pp. 25–29

1265

John F. Wilson, ‘Religion, Government and Power in the New American Nation’, in Noll, Religion and American Politics

1266

Gaustad, Faith of Our Fathers, p. 44

1267

Perry Miller, Roger Williams: His Contribution to the American Tradition, 2nd ed. (New York, 1962), p. 192

1268

Miller, ‘Puritan State’, p. 146

1269

Джефферсон – Уильяму Болдуину, 19 января 1810 г.; см.: Dickenson W. Adams, ed., Jefferson’s Extracts from the Gospels (Princeton, 1983), p. 345; Джефферсон – Чарльзу Клею, 29 января 1816 г., ibid., p. 364

1270

Hatch, Democratization of American Christianity, pp. 68–157

1271

Daniel Walker Howe, ‘Religion and Politics in the Antebellum North’, in Noll, Religion and American Politics, pp. 132–33; George Marsden, ‘Afterword’, ibid., pp. 382–83

1272

Mark A. Noll, ‘The Rise and Long Life of the Protestant Enlightenment in America’, in William M. Shea and Peter A. Huff, eds, Knowledge and Belief in America: Enlightenment Traditions and Modern Religious Thought (New York, 1995); ср. D. W. Bebbington, Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s (London, 1989), p. 74; Michael Gauvreau, ‘Between Awakening and Enlightenment’, in The Evangelical Century: College and Creed in English Canada from the Great Revival to the Great Depression (Kingston and Montreal, 1991), pp. 13–56

1273

Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, ed. and trans. Harvey Claflin Mansfield and Delba Winthrop (Chicago, 2000), p. 43; курсив де Токвиля (Токвиль А. Демократия в Америке. – М.: Прогресс, 1992.)

1274

Henry F. May, The Enlightenment in America (New York, 1976); Mark A. Noll, America’s God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln (Oxford and New York, 2002), pp. 93–95

1275

Mark A. Noll, The Civil War as a Theological Crisis (Chapel Hill, 2006), pp. 24–25

1276

John M. Murrin, ‘A Roof without Walls: The Dilemma of American National Identity’, in Richard Beeman, Stephen Botein and Edward E. Carter II, eds, Beyond Confederation: Origins of the Constitution and American Identity (Chapel Hill, 1987), pp. 344–47

1277

Noll, Civil War, pp. 25–28

1278

Claude E. Welch, Jr., Political Modernization (Belmont, Calif. 1967), pp. 2–6

1279

John H. Kautsky, The Political Consequences of Modernization (New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1972), pp. 45–47

1280

T. C. W. Blanning, ‘Epilogue: The Old Order Transformed’, in Euan Cameron, ed., Early Modern Europe: An Oxford History (Oxford, 1999), pp. 345–60; Michael Burleigh, Earthly Powers: The Clash of Religion and Politics from the French Revolution to the Great War (New York, 1995), pp. 48–66

1281

M. G. Hutt, ‘The Role of the Curés in the Estates General of 1789’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 6 (1955).

1282

George Lefebvre, The Great Fear of 1789, trans. R. R. Farmer and Joan White (Princeton, NJ, 1973)

1283

Philip G. Dwyer, Talleyrand (London, 2002), p. 24

1284

Ibid., pp. 61–62

1285

Mark Noll, The Old Religion in a New World: The History of North American Christianity (Grand Rapids, Mich., 2002), pp. 82–83; Gertrude Himmelfarb, The Roads to Modernity (New York, 2004), pp. 18–19

1286

Burleigh, Earthly Powers, pp. 96–101; Claude Petitfrere, ‘The Origins of the Civil War in the Vendée’, French History, 2 (1998), pp. 99–100

1287

Инструкции Комитета общественной безопасности (1794 г.); см.: Burleigh, Earthly Powers, p. 100

1288

Reynald Secher, Le Génocide franco-français: La Vendée-vengé (Paris, 1986), pp. 158–59

1289

Jonathan North, ‘General Hocte and Counterinsurgency’, Journal of Military History, 67 (2003)

1290

Mircea Eliade, Patterns in Comparative Religion, trans. Rosemary Sheed (London, 1958), p. 11 (Элиаде М. Очерки сравнительного религиоведения. – М.: Ладомир, 1999.)

1291

Burleigh, Earthly Powers, pp. 79–80

1292

Ibid., p. 76

1293

Jules Michelet, Historical View of the French Revolution from its Earliest Indications to the Flight of the King in 1791, trans. C. Cooks (London, 1888), p. 393

1294

Burleigh, Earthly Powers, p. 81

1295

Boyd C. Schafer, Nationalism: Myth and Reality (New York, 1952), p. 142

1296

Ibid.

1297

Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution, ed. François Furet and Françoise Melonio (Chicago, 1998), 1, p. 101. [Пер. М. Федоровой. Цит. по: Токвиль А. Старый порядок и революция. – М.: Московский философский фонд, 1997. – Прим. пер.]

1298

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Politics and the Arts, Letter to M. D’Alembert on the Theatre, trans. Alan Bloom (Ithaca, NY, 1960), p. 126. [Ж.-Ж. Руссо. Избранные сочинения. Том 1. – М.: Художественная литература, 1961. – Прим. пер.]

1299

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, ed. Victor Gourevitch (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 150–51

1300

Donald Greer, The Incidence of Terror in the French Revolution (Gloucester, Mass., 1935)

1301

John Keegan, A History of Warfare (London and New York, 1993), pp. 348–59; Robert L. O’Connell, Of Arms and Men: A History of Weapons and Aggression (New York and Oxford, 1989), pp. 174–88; William H. McNeill, The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force and Society Since AD 1000 (Chicago, 1982), pp. 185–215

1302

Russell Weighley, The Age of Battles (Bloomington, Ind., 1991); O’Connell, Arms and Men, pp. 148–50

1303

John U. Neff, War and Human Progress: An Essay in the Rise of Industrial Civilisation (New York, 1950), pp. 204–05; Theodore Ropp, War in the Modern World (Durham, NC, 1959), pp. 25–26

1304

Keegan, History of Warfare, p. 344; O’Connell, Arms and Men, pp. 157–66; McNeill, Pursuit of Power, p. 172

1305

См. перевод Крейна Бринтона в: McNeill, Pursuit of Power, p. 192. [Цит. по: Хрестоматия по всеобщей истории государства и права. Учебное пособие. – М., 1994. – Прим. пер.]

1306

Keegan, History of Warfare, p. 350

1307

Ibid., pp. 351–52

1308

O’Connell, Arms and Men, p. 185

1309

George Annesley, The Rise of Modern Egypt: A Century and a Half of Egyptian History (Durham, UK, 1997), p. 7.

1310

Gaston Wait, ed. and trans., Nicholas Turc, Chronique D’Egypte: 1798–1804 (Cairo, 1950), p. 78

1311

Peter Jay, Road to Riches or The Wealth of Man (London, 2000), pp. 205–36; Gerhard E. Lenski, Power and Privilege: A Theory of Social Stratification (Chapel Hill and London, 1966), pp. 297–392; Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization, 3 vols (Chicago and London, 1974), 3, pp. 195–201

1312

Hodgson, Venture of Islam, 3, p. 194

1313

John H. Kautsky, The Politics of Aristocratic Empires, 2nd ed. (New Brunswick and London, 1997), p. 349; даже фашистские правительства были коалициями.