Конвергентная культура. Столкновение старых и новых медиа - Генри Дженкинс

35. Ibid.

36. Ibid.

37. В качестве примера см., R.J. Bain, «Rethinking the Informed Citizen in an A g e of Hybrid Media Genres: Tanner '88, К-Street, and the Fictionalization of the News, «Master's thesis, Comparative Media Studies Program, MIT, 2004, and Cristobal Garcia, «А Framework for Political Entertainment,» paper presented at Mediain Transition 3 Conference, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., May 2003.

38. John Hartley, «Regimes of Truth and the Politics of Reading: A Blivit,» in Tele-Ology: Studies in Television (New York: Routledge, 1992), pp. 45–63.

39. David Buckingham, The Making of Citizens: Young People, News and Politics (London: Routledge, 2000).

40. Уилл Райт, личное интервью с автором, июнь 2003.

41. Peter Ludlow,“ Му View of the Alphaville Elections,“ Alphaville Herald, April 20, 2004, http://www.alphavilleherald.com/archives/000191.html.

42. These and subsequent quotes in this paragraph taken from Jane Mc-Gonigal,“This Is Nota Game': Immersive Aesthetics and Collective Play,“ http:// www.seanstewart.org/beast/mcgonigal/notagame/paper.pdf.

43. http://cdd.stanford.edu.

44. Henry E. Brady, James S. Fishkin and Robert C. Luskin, “Informed Public Opinion about Foreign Policy: The Uses of Deliberative Polling,“ Brookings Review, Summer 2003, http://cdd.stanford.edu/research/papers/2003/in-formed.pdf.

45. David Thorburn, “Television Melodrama,“ в ред. Horace Newcomb, Television: The Critical View (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).

46. Ithiel de Sola Pool, Technology without Boundaries: On Telecommunications in a Global Age (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990), pp. 261–262.

47. Andrew Leonard, «Trapped i n the Echo Chamber,» Salon, November 3, 2004,

http://www.salon.com/tech/col/leon/2004/ll/03/echo_chamber.

48. Cass Sunstein, «The Daily We,» Boston Review, Summer 2001, http:// www.bostonreview.net/BR26.3/Sunstein.html.

49. Gibbs, “Blue Truth, Red Truth.“

50. Sharon Waxman and Randy Kennedy, “The Gurus of What's In Wonder if They're Out of Touch,“ New York Times, November 6, 2004, p. 12.

1. Ari Berman, “Al Gets Down,“ The Nation, April 28, 2005, http://www. thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20050516&c=l&s=berman.

2. Berman, “Al Gets Down.“ См. сопутствующие дискуссии вокруг Current у Niall McCay, «The Vee Pee's New Tee Vee,» Wired Nezvs, April 6, 2005, http://www.wired.eom/news/digiwood/0.1412.67143.00.html; Farhad Man-joo, “The Television Will Be Revolutionized,“ Salon, July 7, 2005, http://www. salon.com/news/feature/2005/07/ll/goretv/print.html; Tamara Straus, “I Want My Al TV,“ San Francisco magazine, July 2005, http://www.sanfran.com/home/ view_story/625/?PHPSESSID=d8efl4a995fed84316b461491 dl6f667

3. Cm. Anita J. Chan, «Distributed Editing, Collective Action, and the Construction of Online News on Slashdot.org,» Masters thesis, Comparative Media Studies Program, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 2002. Больше о журналистике соучастия см. Dan Gilmor, We the Media: Grassroots Journalism By the People, For the People (New York: O'Reilly, 2004), and Pablo J. Boczkowski, Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005).

4. Manjoo, «The Television.»

5. Berman, «А1 Gets Down.»

6. Ashley Highfield, «TV's Tipping Point: Why the Digital Revolution Is Only Just Beginning,» October 7, 2003, Paidcontent.org, http://www.paidcontent. org/stories/ashleyrts.shtml.

7. “BBC Opens TV Listings for Remix,“ BBC Online, July 23, 2005, http:// news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4707187.stm.

8. W. Russell Neuman, The Future of the Mass Audience (Cambridge, U. K.: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 54.

9. Ibid., pp. 8–9.

10. Betsy Frank, “Changing Media, Changing Audiences,“ MIT Communications Forum, April 1,2004, http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/forums/chang-ing_audiences.html.

11. George Gilder, Life after Television: The Coming Transformation of Media a American Life (New York: W.W. Norton, 1994), p. 66.

12. Ibid., p. 68.

13. Marshall Sella, “The Remote Controllers,“ New York Times, October 20,

2002.

14. Henryjenkins, Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participator/ Cult (New York: Routledge, 1991).

15. Марсия Алиас, интервью с автором по электронной почте, конец

2003.

16. Kimberly М. De Vries,“ A Tart Point of View: Buildinga Community of Resistance Online,“ presented at Mediain Transition 2: Globalization and Convergence, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., May 10–12, 2002.

17. Цитаты в этом параграфе заимствованы из Warren Ellis, «Global Frequency: An Introduction,» http://www.warrenellis.com/gf.html.

18. Howard Rheingold, Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 2003), p. xii.

19. Cory Doctorow, Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom (New York: Tor, 2003).

20. All information and quotes in this paragraph taken from Michael Gebb, “Rejected T V Pilot Thrives on P2P,“ Wired News, June 27, 2005, http://www. wired.com/news/digiwood/0.1412.67986.00.html.

21. Chris Anderson, “The Long Tail,“ Wired, October 2004, http://www. wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html?pg=3&topic=tail&topic_set.

22. Ivan Askwith, “TV You'll Want to Pay For: How $2 Downloads Can Revive Network Television,“ Slate, November 1, 2005, http://www.slateuk.com/ id/2129003/.

23. Andy Bowers, “Reincarnating the West Wing: Could the Canceled NBC Drama Be Reborn on iTunes?“ Slate, January 24,2006, http://www.slateuk. com/id/2134803/.

24. Информация взята с заглавной страницы сайта Википедии: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia.

25. “Neutral Point of View,“ Wikipedia, http://www.infowrangler.com/php/ wiki/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia: Neutral_point_of_view.

26. Shoshanna Green, Cynthia Jenkins, and Henryjenkins, “'The Normal Female Interest in Men Bonking,“ в ред. Cheryl Harris and Alison Alexander, Theorizing Fandom (NewYork: Hampton, 1998).