Украденный фокус. Почему мы страдаем от дефицита внимания и как сосредоточиться на самом важном - Йоханн Хари

that their feed is filtered by an algorithm’, Splinter, 27 March 2015. www.splinternews.com/many-many-facebook-users-still-dont-know-thattheir-ne-1793846682;

Motahhare Eslami et al., ‘ “I always assumed that I wasn’t really that close: Reasoning about Invisible Algorithms in News Feeds’, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ’15) (New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2015), pp. 153–162. www-personal.umich.edu/ ~ csandvig/research/Eslami_Algorithms_CHI15.pdf.

101. Спасибо Декке Эйткенхед за неопубликованный текст ее интервью с Тристаном.

102. Litvak et al., ‘Fuel in the Fire’, G. V. Bodenhausen et al., ‘Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgement’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66 (4), 1994, pp. 621–36;

D. DeSteno et al., ‘Beyond valence in the perception of likelihood: the role of emotion specifi city’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78 (3), 2000, pp. 397–416.

103. Litvak et al., ‘Fuel in the Fire’, p. 299.

104. S. Vosoughi, D. Roy, D. and S. Aral, ‘The spread of true and false news online’, Science, 359, 2018, pp. 1146–51.

105. C. Silverman, ‘This Analysis Shows How Viral Fake Election News Stories Outperformed Real News On Facebook’, BuzzFeed, 16 November 2016. www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-newsoutperformed-real-news-on-facebook.

106. www.vox.com/2019/3/31/18289271/alex-jones-psychosis-conspiracies-sandy-hookhoax.

107. В интервью Декке Эйткенхед.

108. A. Jones, ‘From Memes to Infowars: how 75 Fascist activists were “Red-Pilled”, Bellingcat, 11 October 2018. www.bellingcat.com/news/americas/2018/10/11/memes-infowars-75-fascistactivists-red-pilled.

109. J. M. Berger, ‘The Alt-Right Twitter Census: defining and describing the audience for Alt-Right content on Twitter’, VOX-Pol Network of Excellence, 2018. www.voxpol.eu/download/vox-pol_publication/AltRightTwitterCensus.pdf.

110. C. Alter, ‘Brazilian Politician tells Congresswoman she’s “not worthy”of sexual assault’, Time, 11 December 2014. www.time.com/3630922/brazil-politicscongresswoman-rape-comments.

111. www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-who-isquotes-brazil-president-election-run-off – latest-a8573901.html.

112. C. Doctorow, ‘Fans of Brazil’s new Fascist President chant “Facebook! Facebook! Whatsapp! Whatsapp!” At inauguration’, BoingBoing, 3 January 2019. www.boingboing.net/2019/01/03/world-more-connected.html.

113. В интервью Декке Эйткенхед.

114. T. Harris, Senate Commerce Committee testimony, 25 June 2019. www.commerce.senate.gov/services/fi les/96E3A739-DC8D-45F1-87D7-EC70A368371D.

115. N. Eyal, Indistractable: How to Control Your Attention and Choose Your Life (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020), p. 213.

116. Ibid., pp. 41–2.

117. Ibid., p. 62.

118. Ibid., p. 113.

119. N. Eyal, Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products (London: Penguin, 2014), p. 164.

120. Ibid., p. 2.

121. N. Eyal, ‘Want to Hook Your Users? Drive Them Crazy’, TechCrunch (blog), 26 March 2012. www.techcrunch.com/2012/03/25/want-to-hook-your-users-drive-them-crazy.

122. Eyal, Hooked, p. 47.

123. Ibid., p. 57.

124. Ibid., p. 18.

125. Ibid., p. 25.

126. Ibid., p. 17.

127. Ronald Purser, McMindfulness (Repeater Books, 2019), p. 138.

128. Dana Becker, One Nation Under Stress: The Trouble With Stress As An Idea (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013).

129. www.nytimes.com/2021/01/09/opinion/diet-resolution-new-years.html, as accessed 12 January 2020.

130. A. J. Stunkard and M. McLaren-Hume, ‘The results of treatment for obesity’, AMA Archives of Internal Medicine, 103, 1959, pp. 79–85;

J. Kassirer and M. Angell, ‘Losing weight – an ill-fated New Year’s resolution’, New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 1998, pp. 52–4;

R. R. Wing and S. Phelan, ‘Long-term weight loss maintenance’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 82, issue 1, 2005, pp. 222S–225S; www.nytimes.com/1999/05/25/health/95-regain-lost-weight-or-do-they.html;

T. Mann, Secrets from the Eating Lab (New York: Harper Wave, 2017).

131. D. Marshall, ‘BBC most trusted news source 2020’, Ipsos Mori, 22 May 2020. www.ipsos.com/ipsos-mori/en-uk/bbc-most-trusted-newssource-2020;

W. Turvill, ‘Survey: Americans trust the BBC more than the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, ABC or CBS’, Press Gazette, 16 June 2020. www.pressgazette.co.uk/survey-americans-trust-the-bbcmore-than-new-york-times-wall-street-journal-abc-orcbs.

132. В интервью Декке Эйткенхед.

133. G. Linden, ‘Marissa Mayer at Web.20’, Glinden (blog), 9 November 2006. www.glinden.blogspot.com/2006/11/marissa-mayer-at-web-20.html;

См. также: www.loadstorm.com/2014/04/infographicweb-performance-impacts-conversion-rates;

R. Colville, The Great Acceleration: How the World is Getting Faster, Faster (London: Bloomsbury, 2016), p. 27.

134. M. Ledwich and A. Zaitsev, ‘Algorithmic Extremism: Examining YouTubes Rabbit Hole of Radicalisation’, arXiv:1912.11211 [cs.SI], Cornell University, 2019. www.arxiv.org/abs/1912.11211.

См. также: A. Kantrowitz, ‘Does YouTube Radicalize? OneZero, 7 January 2020. www.onezero.medium.com/9781526620224_does-youtube-radicalize-a-debate-between-kevin-rooseand-mark-ledwich-1b99651c7bb;

W. Feuer, ‘Critics slam study claiming YouTube’s algorithm doesn’t lead to adicalization’, CNBC, 30 December 2019. www.cnbc.com/2019/12/30/critics-slamyoutube-study-showing-no-ties-to-radicalisation.html.

135. A. Narayanan, Twitter 29 December 2019, 12:34 pm. www.twitter.com/random_walker/status/1211264254109765634?lang =en.

136. J. Horwitz and D. Seetharaman, ‘Facebook Executives Shut Down Efforts to Make the Site Less Divisive’, Wall Street Journal, 26 May 2020. www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-it-encourages-division-top-executivesnixed-solutions-11590507499.

137. A. Dworkin, Life and Death: Unapologetic Writings on the Continuing War Against Women (London: Simon & Schuster, 1997), p. 210.

138. N. Burke Harris, The Deepest Well: Healing the Long-Term Eff ects of Childhood Adversity (London: Bluebird, 2018), p. 215.

139. V. J. Felitti et al., ‘Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study’, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14 (4), 1998, pp. 245–58.

140. Harris, The Deepest Well, p. 59.

141. R. Ruiz, ‘How Childhood Trauma Could Be Mistaken For ADHD ’The Atlantic, 7 July 2014;

См. также: N. M. Brown et al., ‘Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity’, Academic paediatrics, 17(4), 2017, pp. 349–55;

Newsroom, ‘Researchers Link ADHD With Childhood Trauma’, Children’s Hospitals Today, Children’s Hospital Association, 9 August 2017. www.childrenshospitals.org/Newsroom/Childrens-Hospitals-Today/Articles/2017/08/Researchers-Link-ADHD-with-Childhood-Trauma;

K. Szymanski, L. Sapanski and F. Conway, ‘Trauma and ADHD – Association or Diagnostic Confusion?

142. H. Green et al., Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain, 2004I, Office of National Statistics, Department of Health and the Scottish Executive (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).

143. N. Merry and L. K. Andrews, ‘Psychiatric status of sexually abused children 12 months after disclosure of abuse’, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33 (7), 1994, pp. 939–44.

См. также: T. Endo, T. Sugiyama and T. Someya, ‘Attention-defiсit/hyperactivity disorder and dissociative disorder among abused children’, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60 (4), 2006, pp. 434–8. www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440–1819.2006.01528.x.

144. Skosnik et al., ‘Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol after psychological stress’;

C. Liston, B. S. McEwen and B. J. Casey, ‘Psychosocial stress reversibly disrupts prefrontal processing and attentional control’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 (3), 2009, pp. 912–17.

145. H. Yaribeygi et al., ‘The impact of stress on body function: A review’, EXCLI Journal, 16, 2017, pp. 1057–72.

146. C. Nunn et al., ‘Shining evolutionary light on human sleep and sleep disorders’, Evolution, Medicine and Public Health, 2016 (1), 2016, pp. 234, 238.

147. Z. Heller, ‘Why We Sleep – and Why We Often Can’t’, New Yorker, 3 December 2018.

148. S. Mullainathan et al., ‘Poverty impedes cognitive function’, Science, 30, 2013, pp. 976–80.

См. также: R. Putnam, Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (New York: