Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны» - Джеймс Голдгейер
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894
Hoffman D. Russian Premier Pins Bombing on Chechens // Washington Post. — September 16, 1999. — P. A26; и цит. по: В.В. Путин. На войне как на войне // Российская газета. — 1999. — 25 сентября).
895
Горячая хроника: конечная цель — уничтожить бандитов // Российская газета. — 1999. — 6 октября.
896
Kramer M. Civil-Military relations in Russia and the Chechen Conflict. — Policy Memo Series. — No. 99 (Harvard University, Program on New Approaches to Russian Security, December 1999); Trenin D. Chechnya: Effects of the War and prospects of Peace, unpublished manuscript, 2000.
897
Организация «Хьюман Райте Уотч» скрупулезно документировала случаи проявления жестокости во второй чеченской войне, включая казни без суда, бомбардировки деревень и изнасилование чеченских женщин.
898
This figure is cited in: Sarah E. Mendelson. Russia, Chechnya and International Norms: The Power and Paucity of Human Rights, Working Paper. Washington National Council for Eurasian and East European Research. — July 17, 2001. — P. 11.
899
Evangelista. The Chechen War: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? — Brookings, 2003. — P. 155. Евангелиста посвящает отдельную главу своей книги анализу нарушений Россией Женевских конвенций.
900
Интервью с Айрин Стивенсон, Алексеем Яблоковым и Сергеем Григорьянцем.
901
Colton T.J. and McFaul M. Reinventing Russia's Party of Power: Unity and the 1999 Duma Election. — Post-Soviet Affairs. — Vol. 16 (Summer 2000). — P. 201-224.
902
О соперничестве этих партий см.: Макфол М., Петров Н. и Рябов А. (сост.) Россия в избирательном цикле 1999-2000 годов. — М.: Московский центр Карнеги, 2000.
903
Huskey E. Political Leadership and the Center-Periphery Struggle: Putin's Administrative Reforms. — In: Article Brown and Lilia Shvetsova, eds. Gorbachev, Yeltsin and Putin: Political Leadership in Russia's Transition. — Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001. — P. 113-142.
904
For details, see: Lipman M. and McFaul M. 'Managed Democracy' in Russia: Putin and the Press. — Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics. — Vol. 6 (Summer 2001). — P. 117-128; Hoffman. The Oligarchs. — P. 476-485.
905
Interview with John Beyrle.
906
Talbott S. The Russia Hand; A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (Random House, 2002). — P. 276-277.
907
Interview with Strobe Talbott.
908
Interview with James Steinberg.
909
Interview with Talbott.
910
См. заключительную главу в: McFaul M. Russia's 1996 Presidential Election: The End of Polarized Politics. — Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1997.
911
See: the chapter on SPS in Michael McFaul, Andrey Ryabov and Nicolay Petrov. Primer on Russia's 1999 Duma Elections. — Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999.
912
Strobe Talbott, deputy secretary of state, Russia: It's Current Troubles and Its Ongoing transformation, prepared testimony before the House International Relations Committee, 106 Cong. 1 sess. — October 19, 1999. — P. 1.
913
Strobe Talbott, deputy secretary of state. Pursuing U.S. Interests with Russia and with President-Elect Putin, prepared testimony before the Subcommittee on Foreign Operations of the Senate Appropriations Committee, 106 Cong. 2 sess. — April 4, 2000. — P. 6.
914
Корецкий А. Чечня объявила войну США // Сегодня. — 1999. — 24 августа.
915
Ambassador-at-Large Stephen Sestanovich, special adviser to the secretary of state for the new independent states «The Conflict in Chechnya and Its Implications for U.S. Relations with Russia», testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 106 Cong. 1 sess. — November 4, 1999. — P. 2.
916
Powell B. Boris to Bill: Butt Out // Newsweek. — November 29, 1999. -P. 60; Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 361-362.
917
Albright M. Clear on Chechnya // Washington Post. — March 8, 2000. — P. A31.
918
Remarks by Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright following statement by acting president Vladimir Putin at Multilateral Steering Committee Group Meeting. Moscow, Russia, State Department Briefing. — February 1, 2000. Reprinted by Federal News Service.
919
Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 35-60.
920
Baev P. Will Russia Go for a Military Victory in Chechnya? // Policy Memo Series. — No. 107. — Harvard University, Program on New Approaches to Russian Security. — February 2000. — P. 1.
921
Sestanovich. The Conflict in Chechnya and its Implications for U.S. Relations with Russia. — P. 2-3.
922
Talbott. Pursuing U.S. Interests with Russia and with President-Elect Putin. — P. 6.
923
Albright M. Clear on Chechnya // Washington Post. — March 8, 2000. — P. A31.
924
Talbott, Russia: Its Current Troubles and Its Ongoing Transformations. — P. 2; and Strobe Talbott, acting secretary of state, «Statement on Russian Attack on Grozny, Chechnya», as released by the Office of the Spokesman, Department of State. — October 22, 1999.
925
Talbott, Russia: Its Current Troubles and Its Ongoing Transformations. — P. 2
926
Talbott, deputy secretary of state. Pursuing U.S. Interests with Russia and with President-Elect Putin. — P. 7-8.
927
Albright Warns against Remaking Russia a U.S. Enemy // Agence France- Presse. — November 25, 1999.
928
Bill Clinton, Remembering Yeltsin // Time. — January 1, 2001. — P. 94. Clinton's attitude is discussed at length in: Talbott, The Russia Hand.
929
Interviews with Leon Fuerth and Stephen Sestanovich. See also: Stephen Sestanovich. Where Does Russia Belong? // National Interest. — No. 62 (Winter 2000-2001). — P. 15.
930
Interview with John Beyrle.
931
Office of the Coordinator of the U.S. Assistance to the NIS, U.S. Government Assistance to and Cooperative Activities with the New Independent States of the Former Soviet Union: FY 2000 Annual Report. — Department of State. — January 2001. — P. 73-92.
932
McFaul's conversations with Stephen Sestanovich and William Taylor, various interactions (Fall 1999).
933
Interview with a number of U.S. officials.
934
Interview with a number of U.S. officials.
935
Sestanovich. Where Does Russia Belong? — P. 15.
936
Briscoe D. U.S. Gov't Bank to Nix Russia Loans // Associated Press. — December 21, 1999.
937
Interview with Madeleine Albright.
938
Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 359; and press statement by Jamie Rubin. — November 12, 1999.
939
Ambassador-at-Large Stephen Sestanovich, special adviser to the secretary of state for the new independent states, «Russia's Election and American Foreign Policy», testimony before Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 106 Cong. 2 sess. — April 12, 2000. — P. 3.
940
Interview with Talbott; Sestanovich, Where Does Russia Belong? — P. 15.
941
Talbott. The Russia Hand. — P. 357.
942
Interview with Beyrle.
943
Prepared statement of Senator Mitch McConnell before Foreign Operations Subcommittee of the Senate.
944
Russia's Road to Corruption. — P. 57-59.
945
Senate resolution 262, 105 Cong. 2 sess. — February 24, 2000.
946
Talbott. Russia: Its Current Troubles and Its Ongoing Transformations. — P. 5.
947
Briscoe. U.S. Gov't Bank to Nix Russia Loans.
948
Interview with George Bush on the Newshour with Jim Lehrer. — February 16, 2000. (www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/election/jan-june00/bush_2-16html). See chap. 13.
949
Brzezinski Z. Why the West Should Care about Chechnya // Wall Street Journal. — November 10, 1999. — P. A22. He made a similar argument in Zbigniew Brzezinski, testimony before Panel // of a Hearing by the Subcommittee of Euro pean Affairs of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 106 Cong. 2 sess. — April 12, 2000.
950
Zbigniew Brzezinski, testimony before Panel // of a Hearing by the Subcommittee of European Affairs.
951
American Committee for Peace in Chechnya, Founding Declaration, sent to McFaul. — February 10, 2000.
952
Zbigniew Brzezinski, testimony before Panel // of a Hearing by the Subcommittee of European Affairs.
953
American Committee for Peace in Chechnya, Founding Declaration.
954
Brzezinski. Why the West Should Care about Chechnya.
955
См.: McFaul M. Indifference to Democracy // Washington Post. — March 3, 2000, and the repose by Albright, Clear on Chechnya.
956
Interview with Talbott.
957
Lieven A. It Is Hypocrisy to Condemn Russia over Chechnya // Independent (London). — December 13, 1999. — P. 5; Lieven A. Through a Distorted Lens: Chechnya and the Western Media // Current History. — Vol. 99. — October 2000. — P. 321-328.
958
Dimitri Simes, from transcript of Jim Lehrer's Newshour. — November 18, 1999. (www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/international/july-dec99/chechnya_l 1-18.html [July 2003]).
959
Ware R.B. The West's Failure to Understand Chechnya // Boston Globe. — October 26, 1999.
960
Interview with Sestanovich.
961
См.: Graham В. Hit to Kill: The New Battle over Shielding America from Missile Attack. — New York: Public Affairs, 2001. — P. 18-19.
962
Interviews with Brent Scowcroft, James Baker, Stephen Hadley, and Dennis Ross; and Graham. Hit to Kill. — P. 20-21.
963
Interviews with Dennis Ross and Stephen Hadley; background briefing by senior administration officials, the Briefing Room, White House, Office of the Press Secretary. — June 16, 1992; and Joint U.S.-Russian Statement on a Global Protection System. — June 17, 1992; U.S. Department of State Dispatch. — Vol. 3. — June 22, 1992.