Нездоровые женщины. Почему в прошлом врачи не хотели изучать женское тело и что заставило их передумать - Элинор Клегхорн

13. I. Atkin, ‘The Lotos-eaters, or stress, neurosis, and tranquillizers’, British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, 5164, (26 December 1959), p. 1478.

14. ‘The battered parent syndrome’, Miltown advertisement c.1960, New York Academy of Medicine Library. See Radke, ‘The magic bullet’.

15. For an incredible selection of vintage pharmaceutical advertisements for Serax, Valium, Librium and many other psychoactive drugs see ‘Vintage ads’, World Benzodiazepine Awareness Day — July 11 — Educating Communities on the Dangers of Prescribed Benzodiazepines, https://w-bad.org/vintageads/

16. Betty Friedan (1973), ‘Introduction to the Tenth Anniversary Edition’, The Feminine Mystique (W. W. Norton & Company, 1974).

17. Newsweek, 7 March 1960, quoted by Freidan in ‘The Problem That Has No Name’ (1963), The Feminine Mystique (Penguin, 1992), p. 20.

18. Ibid., p. 29.

19. Ibid., p. 18.

20. Ibid., p. 23.

21. Ibid., p. 18

22. Ibid., p. 29.

23. Betty Friedan, ‘The National Organization of Women’s Statement of Purpose’ (adopted at NOW’s first national conference in Washington DC on 29 October 1966, https://now.org/about/history/state-ment-of-purpose/ Сегодня эта организация представляет народное ответвление женского движения. Ее представители есть во всех американских штатах. Цель Национальной организации женщин в том, чтобы «принимать меры посредством активизма на низовом уровне, продвигать феминистские идеалы, стимулировать социальные изменения, искоренять дискриминацию и отстаивать равные права женщин и девочек во всех аспектах социальной, политической и экономической жизни». В центре ее интересов стоят шесть ключевых аспектов: репродуктивные права и справедливость; конец насилия по отношению к женщинам; экономическая справедливость; права ЛГБТК+; расовая справедливость, в также закрепление равенства на конституциональном уровне, https://now.org.

24. bell hooks (1988), ‘Black Women: Shaping Feminist Theory’, in Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (second edition, Pluto Press, 2000), p. 2.

25. hooks, quoting Friedan in ibid., p. 1.

26. Ibid., pp. 1–2.

27. hooks (1988), ‘Preface to the First Edition’, in ibid., p. xvii.

28. Robert A. Wilson, Feminine Forever (Mayfl ower-Dell, 1966), p. 17.

29. Ibid., p. 38.

30. Замечательный рассказ о биохимических и научных открытиях «гетеросексуальных гормонов», а также связанных с ними изменениях в дуалистической природе половых гормонов в эндокринологии: ‘The Birth of Sex Hormones’, Chapter 2 of Nelly Oudshorn’s groundbreaking book Beyond the Natural Body: An Archaeology of Sex Hormones (Routledge, 1994). See also Nancy Langston, ‘The retreat from precaution: Regulating Diethylstilboestrol (DES), endocrine disruptors, and environmental health’, Environmental History, 13(1) (January 2008), pp. 43–44.

31. Wilson, Feminine Forever, p. 47.

32. Ibid., p. 55.

33. See Gina Kolata with Melody Petersen, ‘Hormone replacement study a shock to the medical system’, the New York Times, 10 July 2002; see also ‘Wilson versus Living Decay’, in Gary Null and Barbara Seaman, For Women Only!: Your Guide to Health Empowerment (Seven Stories Press, 1999), pp. 751–752.

34. Daniel Carpenter, Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulations at the FDA (Princeton University Press, 2010), pp. 600–601.

35. See Judith A. Houck, ‘«What do these women want?»: Feminist responses to Feminine Forever, 1963–1980’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 77(1) (Spring 2003), pp. 103–132.

36. Wilson, Feminine Forever, p. 156.

37. Margaret Sanger, ‘Birth control on the march’ (October 1952), Margaret Sanger Papers, Sophia Smith Collection, Margaret Sanger Microfilm S72:0713, https://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/webedition/app/documents/show.php?sangerDoc=236511.xml.

38. Полная история создания, развития и исследования комбинированных оральных контрацептивов: ‘The Genesis of the Pill’, in Elizabeth Seigel Watkins On the Pill: A Social History of Oral Contraceptives, 1950–1970 (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998); Lara V. Marks, Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill (Yale University Press, 2001); Chapter 6, ‘The Transformation of Sex Hormones into the Pill’, in Nelly Oudshorn’s Beyond the Natural Body: An Archaeology of Sex Hormones (Routledge, 1994); Pamela Verma Laio, ‘Half a century of the oral contraceptive pill: Historical review and view to the future’, Canadian Family Physician, 8 (December 2012). See also ‘The birth control pill: A history’, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/1514/3518/7100/Pill_History_FactSheet.pdf; Drew C. Prendergrass and Michelle V. Raji, ‘The bitter pill: Harvard and the dark history of birth control’, The Harvard Crimson, 28 September 2017, https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/9/28/the-bitter-pill/; and ‘The Puerto Rico pill trials’, American Experience, PBS, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanex-perience/features/pill-puerto-rico-pill-trials/

39. McCormick quoted by Barbara Seaman in The Greatest Experiment Ever Performed on Women: Exploding the Estrogen Myth (Seven Stories Press, 2003), p. 29.

40. Delia Mestre quoted by Ray Quintanilla in ‘Puerto Ricans recall being used as guinea pigs for «magic pill»’, the Orlando Sentinel, 11 April 2004, the Chicago Tribune https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-04-11-0404110509-story.html.

41. Edris Rice-Wray, ‘Field study with Enovid as a contraceptive agent’, Proceedings of a Symposium on 19-Nor Progestational Steroids (G. D. Searle & Company, 1957). Quoted by Siegel Watkins in On the Pill, p. 32.

42. Annette B. Ramírez de Arellano and Conrad Siepp, Colonialism, Catholicism, and Contraception: A History of Birth Control in Puerto Rico (University of North Carolina Press, 1983), p. 166. Quoted by Nelly Oudshorn in Beyond the Natural Body: An Archaeology of Sex Hormones (Routledge, 1994), p. 130.

43. Dr Pincus, ‘Discussion of oral methods of fertility control’, Report of the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Planned Parenthood (International Planned Parenthood Federation, 1959). Excerpt reprinted in ‘A Case Study of Oral Contraception’, in Jay Katz with Alexander Capron and Eleanor Swift Glass, Experimentation with Human Beings: The Authority of the Investigator, Subject, Professions and State in the Human Experimentation Process (Russell Sage Foundation, 1972), p. 747.

44. Delia Mestre quoted by Quintanilla in ‘Puerto Ricans recall being used as guinea pigs for «magic pill»’.

45. Milton Silverman and Philip R. Lee, Pills, Profi ts and Politics (University of California Press, 1974), pp. 99–100.

46. Katherine Andrews, ‘The dark history of forced sterilization of Latina women’, Panoramas Scholarly Platform, University of Pittsburgh, 30 October 2017, https://www.panoramas.pitt.edu/health-and-soci-ety/dark-historyforced-sterilization-latina-women.

47. Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz, ‘The power of the pill: Oral contraceptives and women’s career and marriage decisions’, Journal of Political Economy 110(4) (2002), p. 731.

48. Ibid., p. 731.

49. Richard D. Lyons, ‘New Data on the