Нездоровые женщины. Почему в прошлом врачи не хотели изучать женское тело и что заставило их передумать - Элинор Клегхорн

Burt Gamble, The Sexes in Science and History: An Inquiry into the Dogma of Women’s Inferiority to Men (G. P. Putnam and Sons, 1916, p. 54.

3. Ibid., p. 54.

4. Ibid., p. 99.

5. See Ornella Moscucci on Blair-Bell as the pioneer of gynaecological endocrinology, The Science of Women (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 206.

6. William Blair-Bell, The Sex Complex: A Study of the Relationships of the Internal Secretions to the Female Characteristics and Functions in Health and Disease (Baillière, Tindall and Cox, 1916), p. 2.

7. Rudolph Virchow, ‘The puerperal state: Woman and the cell’, lecture to the Berlin Obstetrical Society, 11 January 1848, quoted in Mary Putnam Jacobi, The Question of Rest for Women During Menstruation (G. P. Putnam and Sons, 1877), pp. 109–110.

8. Blair-Bell, Th e Sex Complex, p. 2.

9. Ibid., p. 5.

10. Chandak Sengoopta, ‘The modern ovary: Constructions, meanings, uses’, History of Science, 38(4) (2000), p. 442.

11. See Carlo Bonomi, ‘The Castration of Women and Girls’, in The Cut in the Building of Psychoanalysis, Volume 1: Sigmund Freud and Emma Eckstein (Routledge, 2015), p. 39.

12. J. Lindholm and P. Laurberg, ‘Hypothyroidism and thyroid substitution: Historical aspects’, Journal of Th yroid Research, Vol 2011, 809341, (2011), p. 2.

13. Robert Alex Lundie, ‘The treatment of myxoedema’, Transactions of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh, 12 (1893), p. 134.

14. Lindholm and Laurberg, ‘Hypothyroidism and thyroid substitution’.

15. Lundie, ‘Th e treatment of myxoedema, pp. 135–136.

16. Ibid., p. 136.

17. Ibid.

18. See Emil Novak, ‘An appraisal of ovarian therapy’, Sixth Annual Scientific Session of the Association for the Study of Internal Secretions, St Louis, Mo., 22 May 1922.

19. See Thomas Schlich, ‘Reconstructing Women: Ovarian Transplants’, in The Origins of Organ Transplantation: Surgery and Laboratory Science, 1880–1930 (University of Rochester Press, 2010), p. 87.

20. See Elizabeth A. McAninch and Antonio C. Bianco, ‘The history and future of treatment of hypothyroidism’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 164(1) (2016), pp. 50–56.

21. See Chandak Sengoopta, ‘The modern ovary’, pp. 443–444.

22. Josef Halban (1899), quoted in ibid., p. 445.

23. W. J. O’Connor, British Physiologists 1885–1914: A Biographical Dictionary (Manchester University Press, 1991), p. 42.

24. Dr Arthur Johnstone, New York Medical News, 6 October 1900, quoted in ‘The internal secretion of the ovary’, The Hospital and Health Review, 29(734) (20 October 1900), p. 47.

25. A. Louise McIlroy, ‘The physiological infl uence of ovarian secretions’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 5 (1 July 1912), p. 342.

26. ‘Dame Anne Louise McIlroy, 1877–1968’, Royal College of Physicians, https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/dame-anne-louise-mcilroy.

27. ‘Dr Louise McIlroy’, First World War Glasgow, https://www.first-worldwarglasgow.co.uk/index.aspx?articleid=11526; see also Marlè ne Cornelis «My dears, if you are successful over this work, you will have carried women’s profession forward a hundred years»: The case of the Scottish Women’s Hospital for foreign service’, thesis: MLitt History (with an emphasis on History of Medicine), University of Glasgow (September 2018), https://nvmg.nl/app/uploads/2019/04/Dissertation-Appendix-1.pdf.

28. McIlroy quoted by Lesley A. Hall in ‘A Suitable Job for a Woman: Women Doctors and Birth Control to the Inception of the NHS’, Women and Modern Medicine, ed. Lawrence Conrad and Anne Hardy (Ropodi, 2001), p. 129.

29. Blair-Bell, The Sex Complex, p. 12.

30. Ibid., p. 208.

31. Ibid., p. 115.

32. See Judith A. Houck, Hot and Bothered: Women, Medicine, and the Menopause in Modern America (Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 27–28.

33. Andrew F. Currier, The menopause; a consideration of the phenomena which occur to women at the close of the child-bearing period (D. Appleton and Company, 1897), quoted and discussed by Houck in Hot and Bothered, p. 14.

34. See Houck, Hot and Bothered, p. 44.

35. Walter M. Gallichan, The Critical Age of Women (T. Werner Laurie Ltd, 1927), pp. 7–8.

36. William Blair-Bell (1910), The Principles of Gynaecology: A Manual for Students and Practitioners (third edition, W. Wood, 1919), p. 116.

37. Emily Martin, ‘Medical Metaphors of Women’s Bodies’, in The Women in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction (Open University Press, 1989), pp. 42–46.

38 See Louise R. Newson, ‘My personal experience of menopause’, British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 67(656) (2017), p. 125.

39. Bell, The Sex Complex, p. 206.

40. Virgil Coblentz, The Newer Remedies: A Reference Book for Physicians, Pharmacists, and Students (P. Blakiston’s Son & Company, 1899), pp. 97, 98, 100.

41. ‘Testimony of five women proves that Lydia E. Pinkham’s vegetable compound is reliable’, Lompoc Journal, 11 (27 July 1912), California Digital Newspaper Collection, UCR Centre for Bibliographical Studies and Research, https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cd-nc?a=d&d=LJ19120727.2.46&e=—en-20-1-txt-txIN–1

42. See John B. Nanninga, The Gland Illusion: Early Attempts at Rejuvenation through Male Hormone Therapy (McFarland & Company, 2017), pp. 87–88.

43. ‘Introduction’, Gertrude Atherton, Black Oxen, ed. Melanie V. Dawson (Broadview Editions, 2012), p. 22.

44. Ibid., pp. 22–23.

45. Gertrude Atherton, Adventures of a Novelist (Jonathan Cape, 1932), p. 542. Quoted in Sengoopta, ‘The modern ovary’, p. 462.

46. John Kindred on ‘Rejuvenation in women’ during ‘Rejuvenation of the bodily and sexual powers of men and women’, Congressional Record-House (US Congress, 1927), 1944 https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1927-pt2-v68/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1927-pt2-v68-11-2.pdf.

47. H. Benjamin, ‘The transexual phenomenon’, Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 29(4), series 2 (1967), p. 428.

48. Glass bottle for Progynon pills, 1928–1948, Science Museum, London, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/zzzx2g6s.

49. See S. R. Davis, I. Dinatale, L. Rivera-Woll and S. Davison, ‘Postmenopausal hormone therapy: From monkey glands to transdermal patches’, Journal of Endocrinology, 185 (2005), pp. 207–222.

50. See Judith A. Houck ‘How to treat a menopausal woman: A history, 1900–2000’, Current Women’s Health Reports, 2(5) (October 2002), p. 351.

51. Patricia A. Jansen, ‘Menopause and historical constructions of cancer risk’, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 28(1) (2011), pp. 51–52.

Глава 12. СНЯТИЕ ПРОКЛЯТИЯ

1. Patient testimony, Clelia Duel Mosher, A physiologic treatment