Нездоровые женщины. Почему в прошлом врачи не хотели изучать женское тело и что заставило их передумать - Элинор Клегхорн

Примечания

1. National Partnership for Women and Families, ‘Black Women’s Maternal Health: A Multifaceted Approach to Addressing Persistent and Dire Health Disparities’ (April 2018) https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/health/reports/black-womens-maternal-health.html.

2. Kelly M. Hoffman, Sophie Trawalter, Jordan R. Axt and M. Norman Oliver, ‘Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological diff erences between blacks and whites’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (16) (2016), pp. 4296–301.

3. Jamila Taylor, Cristina Novoa, Katie Hamm and Shilpa Phadke, ‘Eliminating Racial Disparities in Maternal and Infant Mortality: A Comprehensive Policy Blueprint’, Center for American Progress (2 May 2019) https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2019/05/02/469186/eliminating-racial-disparities-mater-nal-infant-mortality/

4. G. H. Shade, M. Lane and M. P. Diamond, ‘Endometriosis in the African American woman — racially, a different entity?’, Gynaecological Surgery, 9 (2012), pp. 59–62.

5. Carolyn Hibbs, ‘Androcentrism’, in Encyclopaedia of Critical Psychology, ed., под ред. Т. Тео (Springer, 2014).

6. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1911), The Man-Made World (Cosimo Classics, 2007).

7. Perkins Gilman quoting an unnamed ‘English Scientist’ from 1888 in ibid., p. 5.

8. See ‘Will COVID-19 be a watershed moment for health inequalities?’, The Health Foundation (7 May 2020); see also Angela Saini, ‘The data was there — so why did it take coronavirus to wake us up to racial health inequalities?’, the Guardian, 11 June 2020.

9. Roni Caryn Robin, ‘Can estrogen and other «sex» hormones help men survive COVID-19? New York Times, 7 May 2020.

10. Heather Shattuck-Heidorn, Meredith W. Reiches and Sarah S. Richardson, ‘What’s really behind the gender gap in Covid-19 deaths?’, New York Times, 24 June 2020.

1. See Rebecca Flemming and Ann Ellis Hanson, ‘Hippocrates’ «Peri Partheniôn» (Diseases of Young Girls): Text and translation’, Early Science and Medicine, 3 (3) (1998), pp. 241–52.

2. See Hippocrates ‘Diseases of Women I’, in Hippocrates: Volume XI, ed. and trans. Paul Potter, Loeb Classical Library 538 (Harvard University Press, 2018), pp. 33–35.

3. Ibid., p. 131.

4. Ibid., p. 9.

5. Lesley Ann Dean Jones, Women’s Bodies in Classical Greek Science (Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 70; see also Mark J. Adair, ‘Plato’s view of the «Wandering Uterus»’, The Classical Journal, 91 (2) (1995), pp. 153–63.

6. Aretaeus, Th e Extant Works of Aretaeus, the Cappadocian, ed. and trans. Francis Adams (The Sydenham Society, London, 1856), pp. 286–287.

7. See Helen King, Hippocrates Woman: Reading the Female Body in Ancient Greece (Routledge, 1998), pp. 23–39 for a discussion of the way the myth of Pandora influenced and shaped Hippocratic gynaecology.

8. Preface to De passionibus mulierum, Version B, from Bibliothè que Nationale de France (1075–1100, Italy), trans. and quoted by Monica H. Green in ‘From «Diseases of Women» to «Secrets of Women»: The transformation of gynecological literature in the Later Middle Ages’, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 30 (1) (Winter 2000), p. 9.

9. Dean Jones, Women’s Bodies in Classical Greek Science, pp. 23–24.

10. Soranus, ‘On Hysterical Suff ocation’, Book III of Soranus Gynecology, trans. Owsei Tempkin (The John Hopkins Press, 1956), p. 153

11. Ibid., p. 152.

12. Green, ‘From «Diseases of Women» to «Secrets of Women», p. 9.

13. Ann Ellis Hanson, ‘Hippocrates: «Diseases of Women I», Signs, 1 (2) (Winter 1975), pp. 567–584.

14. Elaine Wainwright Women Healing/Healing Women: The Genderization of Healing in early Christianity (Routledge, 2006), p. 46.

15. See Monica H. Green’s discussion of medicine in Salerno in her Introduction to The Trotula: An English Translation of the Medieval Compendium of Women’s Medicine (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001), pp. 9–14.

16. Green, ‘Book of the Conditions of Women’, ibid., p. 65.

17. Green, ‘On Treatments of Women’, ibid., p. 94.

1. Christine de Pizan, Th e Book of the City of Ladies, trans. Rosalind Brown-Grant (Penguin, 1999).

2. Ibid., p. 21.

3. Ibid.

4. Helen Rodnite Lemay, Women’s Secrets: A Translation of Pseudo-Albertus Magnus’ ‘De Secretis Mulierum’, with Commentaries (SUNY Press, 1992), p. 59.

5. Ibid., p. 89.

6. Ibid., p. 142.

7. De Pizan Th e Book of the City of Ladies, pp. 21–22.

8. Jacqueline Felice de Almania, Chartularium universitaties pariseinsis, ed. E. Chatelin and H. Denifle, trans. Emilie Amt (Delalain, 1891), p. 111. Cited by Franklin J. Griff en in ‘The healthcare needs of medieval women’, Ex Posto Facto vol. XX (San Francisco State University, 2011), pp. 90–91.

9. Rodnite Lemay, Women’s Secrets, p. 130.

10. See Silvia Federici, Caliban and the Witch: Women, The Body, and Primitive Accumulation (Autonomedia, 2014), especially ‘The Great Witch-Hunt in Europe’, pp. 163–218.

11. See Sigrid Brauner, Fearless Wives and Frightened Shrews: The Construction of the Witch in Early Modern Germany, ed. Robert H. Brown (University of Massachusetts Press, 1995), pp. 46–49.

12. Hans Peter Broedel, Th e Malleus Malefi carum and the Construction of Witchcraft (Manchester University Press, 2003), p. 2.

13. Malleus malefi carium, trans. Rev. Montague Summers (Pushkin Press, 1928), p. 58.

14. Ibid., p. 119.

15. Ibid., p. 121.

16. Ibid., p. 66.

17. Ibid., p. 269.

18. Ibid., p. 213.

19. Ibid., p. 248.

20. Nachman Ben-Yehuda, ‘Th e European witch craze of the 14th to 17th centuries: A sociologist’s perspective’, American Journal of Sociology, 86(1) (July 1980), p. 10.

21. See Federici, Caliban and the Witch p.184. Блестящее описание связи между чертами «женской личности», наблюдаемых у «женщины, проявляющей свою сексуальность вне брака и деторождения», и обвинениями в колдовстве.

22. 1604: 1 James 1 c.12: An Act against Conjuration, Witchcraft and dealing with evil and wicked Spirits. The Statutes Project: Putting Historic British Law Online https://statutes.org.uk/site/the-statutes/seven-teenth-century/1604-1-james-1-c-12-an-act-against-witchcraft/

23. See Julian Goodare, ‘A royal obsession with black magic started Europe’s most brutal witch hunts’, National Geographic, 17 October 2019.

24. UK