Супервулканы. Неожиданная правда о самых загадочных геологических образованиях Вселенной - Робин Джордж Эндрюс
Шрифт:
Интервал:
Закладка:
Мои мама и папа лучшие – это научный факт, так что извините все остальные. Мама удивительно сумасшедшая, дотошная и очень средиземноморская. Папа спокойный, невозмутимый и уморительно смешной. Они не поддаются описанию. От родителей я получал только счастье, бесконечную поддержку и заботу и никогда не смогу в полной мере отблагодарить их. Если я буду хоть на десятую часть таким же замечательным, как они, я буду считать, что жизнь прожита не зря.
Стефани Джейн – что я могу сказать? Ты необыкновенная. Я не могу поверить, что мне выпало счастье жить с самым умным, самым дурашливым, самым авантюрным скоплением молекул в этой части галактики. Я не думал, что нам придется вместе пережить настоящую мировую катастрофу, но мне несказанно повезло, что я отбиваюсь от врагов бок о бок с лучшим другом. Я так рад, что мы оба считаем крикет скучным.
И последнее, но не менее важное: Лола, наш душевный, глупый, умный, великолепный щенок-спасатель. Она запрыгивает на ближайший стул или стол, если вы говорите: «Пол – это лава!», и поэтому Лола – лучшая собака в мире.
Примечания
Введение
1. Brown S. et al. Volcanic Fatalities Database: Analysis of Volcanic Threat with Distance and Victim Classification // Journal of Applied Volcanology 6 (2017). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-017-0067-4.
2. Kornei Katherine. Ancient Rome Was Teetering. Then a Volcano Erupted 6,000 Miles Away // New York Times (June 22, 2020). URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/science/rome-caesar-volcano.html.
3. Welch Craig. How Volcanoes Caused Violent Uprisings in Cleopatra’s Egypt // National Geographic (October 17, 2017). URL: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/10/volcanoes-Nile-flood-climate-Egypt.
4. Brannen Peter. The Ends of the World: Volcanic Apocalypses, Lethal Oceans and Our Quest to Understand Earth’s Past Mass Extinctions. London: Oneworld Publications, 2017.
5. Andrews Robin George. Why the White Island Tragedy Won’t Stop the Volcano Tourism Boom // Wired (December 14, 2019). URL: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/white-island-volcano-new-zealand.
6. Andrews Robin George. Why So Many People Choose to Live Near Active Volcanoes // Gizmodo (February 18, 2019). URL: https://earther.gizmodo.com/why-so-many-people-choose-to-live-near-active-volcanoes-1832649751.
7. Todde A. et al. The 1914 Taisho Eruption of Sakurajima Volcano: Stratigraphy and Dynamics of the Largest Explosive Event in Japan During the Twentieth Century // Bulletin of Volcanology 79 (2017). doi: 10.1007/s00445-017-1154-4.
8. Global Volcanism Program. Aira. [Factbox] URL: https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=282080.
1. Огнеструйный фонтан
1. Fisher R. V. & Heiken G. Mt. Pelée, Martinique: May 8 and 20, 1902, Pyroclastic Flows and Surges // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 13, 3–4 (1982). doi: 10.1016/0377-0273(82)90056-7.
2. Thomas Gordon & Morgan-Witts Max. The Day the World Ended: The Mount Pelée Disaster: May 7, 1902. New York: Open Road Integrated Media, 2014.
3. Dvorak John. The Origin of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory // Physics Today (2011). URL: https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3592003.
4. Jaggar Thomas Augustus. My Experiments with Volcanoes. Hawai’i: Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, 1956.
5. Global Volcanism Program. Kilauea. [Factbox] URL: https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=332010.
6. Meyer Robinson. A Beginner’s Guide to Hawaii’s Otherworldly Lava // Atlantic (May 9, 2018). URL: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/how-to-look-at-hawaiis-lava/559988/.
7. Romero Simon. Madame Pele, Hawaii’s Goddess of Volcanoes, Awes Those Living in Lava’s Path // New York Times (May 21, 2018). URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/21/us/pele-hawaii-volcano.html.
8. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2011) Volcano Watch – Who Is Frank Alvord Perret, and What Is His Connection to Hawaiian Volcanoes? [Blog post] URL: https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-who-frank-alvord-perret-and-what-his-connection-hawaiian-volcanoes.
9. Decker R. W., Wright T. L. & Stauffer P.H., eds. (1987) Volcanism in Hawaii. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, 1667 pp. URL: https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350.
10. Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. (2011) Volcano Watch – The Founding of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. [Blog post] URL: https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-founding-hawai-ian-volcano-observatory.
11. Jaggar T. A. Thermal Gradient of Kilauea Lava Lake // Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 7, 13 (1917). URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24521345?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.
12. USGS. Establishing the First U. S. Volcano Observatory. [Blog post] URL: https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/hawaiian-volcano-observatory/establishing-first-us-volcano-observatory.
13. USGS. The Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō Eruption Lasted 35 Years. [Blog post] URL: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/pu-u-eruption-lasted-35-years.
14. Callis Tom. Kilauea Eruption Turning 10 – to the Delight of Scientists and Visitors // Hawaii Tribune-Herald (March 18, 2018). URL: https://www.hawaiitribune-herald.com/2018/03/18/hawaii-news/kilauea-eruption-turning-10-to-the-delight-of-scientists-and-visitors/.
15. Marsh Sarah & Levin Sam. Kilauea Volcano: Earthquakes Follow Eruption as Hawaii Orders Evacuations // Guardian (May 5, 2018). URL: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/04/hawaii-evacuations-ordered-as-kilauea-volcano-erupts.
16. Associated Press. Hawaii Volcano Destroys Dozens of Homes, Forces Evacuations // CNBC (May 7, 2018). URL: https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/07/hawaii-volcano-destroys-dozens-of-homes-forces-evacuations.html.
17. Lincoln Mileka. Lava Threatening Several Additional Wells at Puna Geothermal Plant // Hawaii News Now (May 27, 2018). URL: https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/38287296/lava-reaches-site-of-puna-geothermal-plant-no-gas-release-detected/.
18. USGS. Volcanic Gases Can Be Harmful To Health, Vegetation and Infrastructure. [Blog post] URL: https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/volcano-hazards/volcanic-gases.
19. Stone Maddie. Now Kilauea’s Eruption Is Producing Wild Blue Flames // Gizmodo (May 23, 2018). URL: https://earther.gizmodo.com/now-kilaueas-eruption-is-producing-wild-blue-flames-1826266419.
20. USGS. Volcano Watch – Can Hawaiian Lava Flows Be Diverted? [Blog post] URL: https://www.usgs.gov/center-news/volcano-watch-can-hawaiian-lava-flows-be-diverted.
21. Andrews Robin George. The Army Bombed a Hawaiian Lava Flow. It Didn’t Work // New York Times (March 12, 2020). URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/science/volcano-bomb-hawaii.html.
22. Barberi F. et al. The Control of Lava Flow During the 1991–1992 Eruption of Mt. Etna // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 56, 1–2 (1993). doi: 10.1016/0377-0273(93)90048-V.
23. Andrews Robin George. The Mount St. Helens Eruption Was the Volcanic Warning We Needed // New York Times (May 18, 2020). URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/18/science/mt-st-helens-eruption.html.
24. Neal C. A. et al. The 2018 Rift Eruption and Summit Collapse of Kïlauea Volcano // Science 363, 6425 (2019). doi: 10.1126/science.aav7046.
25. Dvorsky George. Nearly Two Dozen People Injured After Lava Bomb Hits Hawaii Tour Boat // Gizmodo (July 18, 2018). URL: https://gizmodo.com/nearly-two-dozen-people-injured-after-lava-bomb-hits-ha-1827639279.
26. Associated Press. Kilauea Eruption Caused Economic Loss in Area Near National Park // Hawaii News Now (May 27, 2019). URL: https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2019/05/27/kilauea-eruption-caused-m-loss-area-near-national-park/.
27. Andrews Robin George. Witnessing the Birth of a Crater Lake Where Lava Just Flowed // New York Times (August 7, 2019). URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/07/science/hawaii-kilauea-volcano-crater-lake.html.
28. Anderson K.R. et al. Magma Reservoir Failure and the Onset of Caldera Collapse at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018 // Science 366, 6470 (2019). doi: 10.1126/science.aaz1822.
2. Супервулкан
1. Gilbert Samuel. Not a Mask in Sight: Thousands Flock to Yellowstone as Park Reopens // Guardian (May 19, 2020). URL: https://www.theguardian.com/ environment/2020/may/19/yellowstone-coronavirus-reopening-grand-teton-covid-19.
2. Library of Congress. Mapping the National Parks. [Factbox] URL: https://www.loc.gov/collections/national-parks-maps/articles-and-essays/yellowstone-the-first-national-park/.
3. National Park Service. Yellowstone National Park Protection Act (1872). [Document] URL: https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/management/yellowstoneprotectionact1872.htm.
4. National Park Service. Yellowstone – Flight of the Nez Perce. [Factbox] URL: https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/historyculture/flightnezperce.htm.
5. Wicks C. W. et al. Magma Intrusion and Volatile Ascent Beneath Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park // JGR Solid Earth (2020). doi: 10.1029/2019JB018208.
6. Andrews Robin George. It’s Warm and
