Английский язык для студентов сельскохозяйственных вузов - Светлана Дмитриева

1) I have a cat. … has two kittens. 2) My pen is new. … is red. 3) Our dean’s name is Mr. Brown. … conducts lectures on biology. 4) I like Ann. … studies with me. 5) Russia is a big country. … covers Europe and Asia. 6) Usually a cow has one calf. … feeds … for several weeks. 7) A dog is one of the first domesticated animals. … helped man in hunting. 8) Don’t take my book. I need … 9) Lily is my sister’s little daughter. … is one month.

Exercise 3. Replace the underlined nouns by the corresponding personal pronouns. Sometimes two variants are possible.

1) Our dean shows new equipment. 2) English is not a very difficult subject. 3) My cat likes fish very much. 4) Boris is a student of the economic faculty. 5) His car is red. 6) Olga wants to be a doctor. 7) England has a mild climate. 8) Our practice will be very interesting. 9) A dog is a friendly animal.

Число имён существительных

Большинство имён существительных английского языка образуют форму множественного числа с помощью добавления окончания -s, – es к основе единственного числа. E.g.

a book – books [s]

a student – students [s]

a class – classes [iz]

a bag – bags [z]

a match – matches [iz]

Если слово оканчивается на - f или -fe, то f меняется на -ve +s.

E.g. a wife – wives [z] a leaf – leaves [z]

Если слово оканчивается на согласную + y, то y меняется на i+es.

E.g. a country – countries [iz]

Некоторые существительные употребляются только во множественном числе: E.g. contents ( содержание ) , clothes ( одежда ) , proceeds ( выручка ) , arms ( оружие ) , stairs ( лестница ) , riches ( богатство ).

Существительные, не имеющие формы единственного числа, употребляются с глаголами только во множественном числе:

cattle ( КРС ) , poultry ( домашняя птица ), binoculars ( бинокль ), scissors (ножницы ).

E.g. Where are the scissors? I can’t find them.

У слов: means, series, species форма множественного, и единственного числа совпадают. E.g. a means of transport – many means of transport; a species – 500 species of birds, a TV series – five TV series.

В английском языке есть существительные, которые сохранили древнеанглийский способ образования множественного числа. Их нужно запомнить:

a man – men

a woman – women

a child – children

a mouse – mice

a foot – feet

a goose – geese

a tooth – teeth

an ox – oxen

Некоторые слова латинского происхождения имеют особую форму множественного числа:

datum – data

basis – bases

crisis – crises

Обратите внимание на употребление следующих существительных:

Exercise 4. Give the plural form of the nouns.

A book, a table, a sister, a lecture, a fly, a boy, a hobby, a person, a mouse, a scarf, a class, a woman, a knife, a crisis, a species, a county, a pen, a foot, a leaf, a fox.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct form of the verb.

1) The trousers ( doesn’t / don’t) fit me. 2) Physics ( is / are) my favourite subject. 3) Fortunately the news ( is / are) not bad. 4) The police ( is / are) in time. 5) The TV series ( is / are) not interesting today. 6) Government (is/ are) a state institution. 7) The suburbs of our town ( have / has) many old houses.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS Указательные местоимения

Иногда существительным сопутствуют указательные местоимения. Они также имеют формы единственного и множественного числа.

This ( этот, эта, это) – these ( эти)

That ( тот, та, то) – those ( те)

E.g. This is my book.

These are your parents.

That is our house.

Those are your staff.

Падеж имён существительных

Имена существительные в английском языке имеют два падежа: общий ( common case) и притяжательный ( possessive case ). Притяжательный падеж отвечает на вопрос: Чей? ( whose?) Притяжательный падеж можно образовать двумя способами: 1) с помощью апострофа; 2) с помощью предлога of

Exercise 6. Make up phrases after the model.

Model: library / academy – the library of the academy Mother / Ann – Ann’s mother The camera / Tom, the eyes / the cat, the top / the page, the sister / my friend, the daughter / Candy, the toys / the children, the name / your wife, the name / this street, exams / my brother, the new manager / the company, the result / the football match, the birthday / my father, the farm / my uncle, the garden / our neighbours, the ground floor / the building, the policy / the government.

Существительное в роли определения

В английском языке одно или несколько существительных могут выполнять функцию определения к другому существительному. В такой « цепочке» последнее существительное будет отвечать на вопросы: кто? что? Все предыдущие существительные являются определением к нему и отвечают на вопросы: какой? чей?

E.g. sugar beet – сахарная свёкла; beet sugar – свекольный сахар

soil conservation practices – мероприятия по сохранению почвы

Exercise 7. Make up various word combinations and translate them.

Harvest, school, university, centre, time, day, the Earth, year, government, duty, village, autumn, apple, population, lamp, pie, home, assistant, task, lab, cattle, table, beef, library.

Exercise 8. Translate the following word combinations.

The Ecology department, Penza region, a talk show, beef cattle, a car door, the afternoon sun, nitrogen fertilizers, a balance sheet, Moscow Region State Farm Horse Exhibition, farm mechanization, machine building, a Parliament assembly, soil ecology, manure spreader, control system design, digital computer design, the system reaction identification, parameter identification methods, a crystal growth technique, a weather forecast, a winter holiday, summer rain, a cell growth rate increase, straight line motion, belt power.

Основные суффиксы имён существительных

UNIT II

PLACE WHERE I LIVE

My House

Grammar: There is/are; Some, any

My Town

Grammar: Numerals; Adjectives and adverbs

My Country

Grammar: The Verb Active Voice

LESSON 1

Task 1. Answer the questions.

1) Where are you from?

2) What street do you live in?

3) Is your house big?

4) How many rooms are there in your house ( flat )?

5) Do you have any modern conveniences in your house? What are they?

6) What is your favourite place in your flat? Why?

7) What can you see from your window?

8) Is your kitchen large?

9) Do you like to invite guests?

Task 2. As a group, describe your classroom ( one after another add a sentence of your own to the description ). Use: There is ( are) … in the classroom. We can see … in the classroom.

Task 3. Memorize the following words and phrases.

1. Come in, please. – Входите, пожалуйста.

2. Feel [fi:l] at home ( comfortable ). – Чувствуйте себя как дома.

3. You are welcome. – Добро пожаловать.

4. Sorry, I am late. – Простите за опоздание.

5. This way, please. – Сюда, пожалуйста.

6. flat [flæt] /apartment (Am. En.) [ə΄pa:tmənt] – квартира

7. block of flats – многоквартирный дом

8. floor [flo:] ( ground [graund] floor) – этаж ( цокольный этаж)

9. pavement [΄peivmənt] – тротуар

10. staircase [΄stεəkeis] – лестница

11. upstairs [΄٨p΄stεəz] ( downstairs [΄daun΄stεəz]) – вверх (вниз) по лестнице

12. the front [fr٨nt] of the house [haus] – фасад дома

13. hot [hot] and cold [kəuld] running [΄r٨niŋ] water [΄wo:tə] – горячее и холодное водоснабжение

14. modern [΄modən] conveniences [kən΄vi:njənsiz] – современные удобства

15. central [΄sentrəl] heating [΄hi:tiŋ] – центральное отопление

16. spacious [΄spei∫əs] – просторный

17. to face [feis] – выходить на …

18. appliances – бытовая техника

19. to wash up – мыть посуду

20. to bring order [΄o: də] – наводить порядок

21. to have guests [gests] – принимать гостей

22. to have a rest – отдыхать

23. in the middle [midl] of – в середине

24. in the left ( right) corner [΄ko: nə] – в левом ( правом) углу

25. duty [΄dju: ti] – обязанность

Useful Words

Task 4. Match the Russian words with their English equivalents.

In the Home

Inside and Outside

Furnishings

Appliances

Task 5. Sort out the nouns below into four groups:

a carpet, a tea-pot, a towel, a TV-set, a mirror, a bed, a sofa, a stove, a shower, soap, a pillow, an armchair, a sofa, a picture, a wardrobe, a chest of drawers, a fridge, flowers, a tape-recorder, a dressing-table, a lamp, a table.

Task 6. a) Make up word combinations with the following nouns and adjectives; b) Make up sentences with them. E.g. a) a spacious garden; b) There is a spacious garden around the house.

Nouns: a flat, a sofa, a refrigerator, a carpet, a computer, a garden, a washingmachine, conveniences, a lamp.

Adjectives: dirty, nice, spacious, modern, well-planned, comfortable, bright, pleasant, helpful, standard, convenient.

Task 7. Translate the sentences with “home”.

at home – Peter isn’t at home today.

away from home – I hate being away from home too long.

to leave home (= permanently stop living with your parents) – I left home when I was 18.

to make smth. your home – We decided to make Jamaica our home.

back home (= in my country) – Back home, the weather is much better.

to be home to – California is home for many vineyards.

Task 8. Guess the meaning. Write sentences of your own, using these words.

1) to move into a new flat – to go to live in a different flat. Eg. They’ve moved into a bigger flat.

2) to renovate – to repair and paint a building ( or a flat) so that it is in good condition again. Eg. Their flat is being renovated.

3) a landlady – is the owner of a house or a flat which is rented. Eg. Saturday was the day he had promised to pay his landlady.

4) to drop in on smb. – to visit someone informally without arranging a particular time. Eg. I think I’ll drop in on Jill on my way home.