Цивилизации - Фелипе Фернандес-Арместо

1068

A. Milhou, Colon у su mentalidad mesianica en el ambiente frandscanista espanol (Valladolid, 1983); S. Subrahmanyam, Improvising Empire: Portuguese Trade and Settlement in the Bay of Bengal 1500–1700 (Delhi, 1990), pp. 54–57.

1069

L. F. R. Thomaz, ‘The Economic Policy of the Sultanate of Malacca (XVth-XVIth centuries)’, Moyen-orient et Ocean Indien, vii, pp. 1-12, особ. p. 8.

1070

La vida de Lazarillo de Tomtes, tratado I. A. Valbuena у Prat, ed., La novela picaresca espanola (Madrid, 1968), p. 85.

1071

Экономическое чудо (нем.).

1072

F. Fem&ndez-Armesto, Before Columbus, op. cit., pp. 198–199.

1073

F. Fem&ndez-Armesto, Las Islas Canarias despues de la conquista: la creacion de una sodedad colonial a principios del si-gloXVI(Las Palmas, 1997), p. 135.

1074

D. B. Quinn, England and the Discovery of America, 1481–1620 (New York, 1974), pp. 5-23.

1075

D. B. Quinn, ed., New American World, 5 vols (New York, 1978), vol. v, p. 235.

1076

Ibid., p. 238.

1077

Ibid., p. 239.

1078

Ibid.

1079

W. Strachey, The Historie of Travell into Virginia Britannia (1612), ed. L. B. Wright and V. Freund (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1953), pp. 56–61.

1080

‘Instruction to Sir Thos Gates for government of Virginia’, May 1609, Quinn, New American World, op. cit., vol. v, p. 213.

1081

J. Smith, The True Travels, Adventures and Observations, vol. i, p. 152.

1082

Thomas Studley, The Proceedings of the English Colonie in Virginia, p. 318.

1083

D. Lloyd, The Legend of Captain Jones (London, 1636).

1084

Strachey, op. cit., p. 315.

1085

К. O. Kuppermann, ed., Captain John Smith (Chapel Hill, 1988), p. 129.

1086

Strachey, op. cit., pp. 289–290.

1087

J. Smith, The Generali Historie of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles (Glasgow, 1907), p. 306.

1088

M. Henderson, Tobacco in Colonial Virginia: The Sovereign Remedy (Williamsburg, 1957).

1089

С. M. Gradie, ‘Spanish Jesuits in Virginia: the Mission that Failed’, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, xcix (1988), pp. 131–156; С. M. Lewis and A. J. Loomie, eds, The Spanish Jesuit Mission in Virginia, 1570–1572 (Chapel Hill, 1953).

1090

R. Blackburn, The Making of New World Slavery from the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800 (London, 1997), pp. 225–258; M. Sobel, The World they Made Together (Princeton, 1987); I. Berlin, Many Thousands Gone: the First Two Centuries of Slavery in Colonial America (Cambridge, 1998); P. D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-century Chesapeake and Low Country (Chapel Hill, 1998).

1091

Марон — беглый негр.

1092

R. Price, Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas (Garden City, 1973), p. 152.

1093

A. J. Russell-Wood, The Black Man in Slavery and Freedom in Colonial Brazil (London, 1982), p. 1.

1094

G. Heuman, ‘The British West Indies’, в книге W. R. Louis et al., eds, The Oxford History of the British Empire, 5 vols (Oxford, 1999), vol. iii, p. 472; самые убедительные данные приведены в таблицах в: D. Eltis, ‘Atlantic History in Global Perspective’, Itinerario, xxiii (1999), no. 2., pp. 141–161, особ. pp. 151–152.

1095

J. Thornton, Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 (Cambridge, 1992).

1096

Durand, of Dauphine, A Frenchman in Virginia, being the Memoirs of a Huguenot Refugee in 1686, ed. F. Harrison, (n.p., 1923), p. 95.

1097

Blackburn, op. cit., p. 259.

1098

Russell-Wood, op. cit., p. 4; К. M. de Queiros Mattoso, To be a Slave in Brazil 1550–1888 (New Brunswick, NJ, 1986), pp. 96–99.

1099

J. Benci, Economia cristiana dos senhores no govemo dos escravos, ed. S. Leite (Porto, 1954), p. 100.

1100

C. R. Boxer, The Golden Age of Brazil (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1962), p. 1.

1101

Ibid., p. 174.

1102

A Bewell, ed., Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation: Writings in the British Romantic Period, vii, Medicine and the West Indian Slave Trade (London, 1999), p. 288.

1103

Последние резюме данных см. J. Inikori and S. Engerman, eds, The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economics, Society and Peoples in Africa, the Americas and Europe (Durham, 1997).

1104

H. Thomas, The Slave Trade: the History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870 (London, 1997), p. 719.

1105

P. Hogg, Slavery: the Afro-American Experience (New York, 1979), pp. 20–30.

1106

R. Bastide, African Civilisations in the New World (New York, 1971), p. 52.

1107

M. L. Conniff and T. J. Davis, eds, Africans in the Americas: a History of the Black Diaspora (New York, 1994), p. 98.

1108

D. Freitas, Palmares, a guerra dos escravos (Rio de Janeiro, 1982), p. 103.

1109

Queiros Mattoso, op. cit., p. 32.

1110

Ibid., p. 128.

1111

Bastide, op. cit., p. 92.

1112

Ibid., p. 53.

1113

A. Metraux, Haiti: Black Peasants and their Religion (London, 1960); Bastide, op. cit., p. 72; R. Bastide, The African Religions of Brazil (Baltimore, 1978).

1114

P. Emmer, ‘European Expansion and Unfree Labour: an Introduction’, Itinerario, xxi (1997), pp. 9-14.

1115

Thomas, op. cit., p. 442. С точки зрения владельцев плантаций рабство имело экономический смысл, пока не было доступа к лучшим источникам рабочей силы, хотя классический случай R. W. Fogel and S. Engerman, Time on the Cross: the Economics of Negro Slavery, 2 vols (London, 1974), особенно: pp. 58-106 and 158–192, был модифицирован, за исключением дельты Миссисипи, к которой относится большинство статистических данных этих авторов.

1116

Святое сердце (фр.).

1117

Ibid., pp. 616, 683.

1118

Ibid., p. 776.

1119

Ibid., p. 72, 113.

1120

P. J. Kitson, ed., Theories of Race (London, 1999), p. 4.

1121

J. Thornton, Africa and the Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 (992 особ. pp. 129–205.

1122

Thomas, op. cit., p. 466.

1123

«Свобода», «Так будет!» — песня времен Французской революции; и «Жан-Жак», имеется в виду Жан-Жак Руссо.

1124

P. J. Kitson, D. Lee et al., eds, Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation: Writings in the Britsh Romantic Period, 8 vols (London, 1999), vol. i, pp. 343–364 (for Mary Prince); vol. ii, pp. 3-36 (for Ramsay); vol. iv, pp. 126–157 (for Yearsley); vol. vi, pp. 66–67 (for Corncob).

1125

D. Northrup, ‘Migration: Africa, Asia, the Pacific’, в книге Louis et al., eds, op. cit., vol. iii, pp. 88-100.

1126

J. Greene, Peripheries and Center (Athens, Ga., 1986), pp. 166–167.

1127

Национальный, националистический (фр.).

1128

D. W. Meinig, The Shaping of America, i: Atlantic America, 1492–1800 (New Haven, 1986).

1129

G. R. Stewart, Names on the Land: a Historical Account of Placenaming in the United States (New York, 1945).

1130

V. Fraser, The Architecture of Conquest: Building in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1535–1635 (Cambridge, 1990).

1131

A. W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: biological and cultural conse quences of 1492 (Westport, Conn. 1972).

1132

Lockhart and Otte, Letters and People of the Spanish Indies: sixteenth century (Cambridge, 1976).

1133

G. Baudot, Utopie et histoire au Mexique: les premiers chro-niqueurs de la civilisation mexicaine, 1520–1569 (Toulouse, 1977); J. L. Phelan, The Millennial Kingdom of the Franciscans in the New World: a Study of the Writings of Geronimo de Mendieta (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1970).

1134

William Boyd, Armadillo (London, 1998, p. 217).

1135

М. Pachter and F. Wein, eds, Abroad in America: Visitors to the New Nation (Reading, Mass, and London, 1976).

1136

W. A. Hinds, American Communities and Cooperative Colonies (New York, 1908); D. D. Egbert, Socialism and American Art (New York, 1967); A. E. Bestor, Backwoods Utopias: the Sectarian and Owenite Phases of Communitarian Socialism in America, 1663–1829 (Philadelphia, 1950), особенно pp. 36, 59, 94-132.

1137

T. Hall, The Spiritualists (London, 1962).

1138

J. Bryce, The American Commonwealth, 3 vols (London, 1888), vol. iii, pp. 357–363.

1139

J. Hasse, ed., Ragtime: its History, Composers and Music (London, 1985), pp. 29–32, 80–83.

1140

Tin Pan Alley, квартал на Манхэттене в конце XIX века, в котором были сосредоточены музыкальные магазины, нотные издательства и фирмы грамзаписи. Позже это выражение стало обозначать всю индустрию популярной музыки, прежде всего безвкусные музыкальные поделки.

1141

M. Kimmelman, ‘A Century of Art: Just How American Was It?’, The New York Times, 18 April 1999. Я благодарен профессору Клаудио Велизу за этот отрывок.

1142

R. В. Perry, The Thought and Character of William James (London, 1948), p. 621.

1143

Речь идет о знаменитом писателе Генри Джеймсе.

1144

G. Wilson Allen, William James: a Biography (London, 1967), p. 417.

1145

F. Boas, The Mind of Primitive Man (New York, 1913), p. 113.

1146

G. Stocking, ed., The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883–1911: a Frank Boas Reader (New York, 1974); F. Fernandez-Armesto, Truth: a history (London, 1998), p. 24; E. E. Evans-Pritchard, Theories of Primitive Religion (Oxford, 1965), p. 35.

1147

L. P. Paine, Ships of the World (Boston, 1997), pp. 460–461.

1148

P. Butel, Histoire de Vatlantique de Vantiquite a nos jours (Paris, 1997), p. 153.

1149