Цивилизации - Фелипе Фернандес-Арместо

824

Пер. М. Лозинского.

825

R. J. Harrison, The Beaker Folk: Copper Archaeology in Western Europe (London, 1980).

826

A. Burl, Megalithic Brittany (London, 1985).

827

Рене Гошинни и Альбер Удерзо — авторы знаменитого комикса «Астерикс», по мотивам которого поставлено несколько кинофильмов.

828

De Bello Gallico, 111,8.

829

S. Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: an Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (New York, 1987), p. 263.

830

C. R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire (New York, 1965), pp. 65–66, 80.

831

W. Kloosters, The Dutch in the Americas, 1600–1800 (Providence, RI, 1998), p. 7.

832

Ibid., p. 25.

833

Charles Davenant, приведено в Schama, op. cit., p. 224.

834

Boxer, op. cit., p. 4.

835

Kloosters, op cit., p. 23.

836

Boxer, op. cit., p. 90.

837

Ibid., p. 96.

838

Ibid, p. 236.

839

Schama, op. cit., p. 44.

840

Ibid., p. 38.

841

Boxer, op. cit., 171.

842

B. de Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, ed. D. Garman (London, 1934), p. 144; отрывок в Schama, op. cit., 297.

843

Ibid., особ. pp. 310–311.

844

Mary W. Helms, Ulysses’ Sail: an Ethnographic Odyssey of Power; Knowledge and Geographical Distance (Princeton, 1988).

845

C. Renfrew, ‘Varna and the Social Context of Early Metallurgy’ в книге С. Renfrew, ed., Problems in European Prehistory (London, 1979), pp. 377–384; Le premier Or de Vhumanite en Bulgarie: Vе millenaire (Paris, 1989).

846

T. Heyerdahl and A. Skjolsvold, Archaeological Evidence of Pre-Spanish Visits to the Galapagos Islands (Oslo, 1990); T. Heyerdahl, American Indians in the Pacific: the Theory behind the Коп-tiki Expedition (London, 1952); C. Jack-Hinton, The Search for the Islands of Solomon, 1567–1838 (Oxford, 1969), pp. 24–27, 32–34.

847

A. Szaszdy Nagy, Los guias de Guanahani у la llegada de Pinion a Puerto Rico (Valladolid, 1995).

848

J. Perez de Tudela Bueso, Mirabilis in Altis: Estudio cri'tico sob re el origen у significado del proyecto descubridor de Cristobal Colon (Madrid, 1983).

849

Alexander Frater, Chasing the Monsoon (New York, 1991, p. 60).

850

Е. Blunden, A Hong Kong House: Poems 1951–1961 (London, 1962), p. 34.

851

D. J. Lu, ed., Japan: a documentary history (New Yoik, 1997), p. 19.

852

D. Keene, Anthology of Japanese Literature (New York, 1960), p. 29.

853

D. Keene, Travellers of a Hundred Ages (New York, 1989), p. 114.

854

Ibid., p. 179.

855

History of Wei, отрывок в Lu, ed., op. cit., p. 12.

856

D. M. Brown, ed., The Cambridge History of Japan, i: Ancient Japan (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 12.4, 131, 140–144.

857

Ibid., pp. 33, 207.

858

Ibid., pp. 312–315.

859

L. Smith, ed., Ukiyoe: Images of Unknown Japan (London, 1985), p. 39.

860

Muneshige Narazaki, Hokusai: ‘The Thirty-Six Views of Mount FuЛ (Tokyo, 1968), pp. 36–37; картину следует сопоставить с более мягким (и более поздним) изображением большой волны тем же художником. Hokusai, One Hundred Views of Mount FuЛ, ed. H. D. Smith II (New York, 1988), pp. 118–119, 205.

861

Keene, Travellers, op. cit., pp. 21–25.

862

T. J. Harper, ‘Bilingualism as Bisexualism’, в книге W. J. Boot, ed., Literatuur en Teetaligheid (Leiden, 1990), pp. 247–262. Я благодарю профессора Бута, обратившего мое внимание на эту работу и давшего мне эту книгу.

863

Keene, ed., op. cit., Anthology, pp. 82–91; о ритуалах примирения см. С. von Varschner, Les Relations officielles' du Japan avec la Chine aux VIIIе et IXе siecles (Geneva, 1985), pp. 40–45.

864

G. R. Tibbetts, Arab Navigation in the Indian Ocean before the Coming of the Portuguese (London, 1971).

865

M. Rice, Search for the Paradise Land: an Introduction to the Archaeology of Bahrain and the Persian Gulf (London, 1985); The Archaeology of the Arabian Gulf c. 5000-323 B.C. (London, 1994).

866

D. T. Potts, The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity, vol. ii (Oxford, 1990), pis 1 and 2.

867

Ibid., pis 5, 6 and 7.

868

G. W. B. Huntingford, ed., The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1980), p. 37.

869

G. Hourani, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times (Princeton, 1995).

870

P. Crone and M. Cook, Hagarism: the Making of the Islamic World (Cambridge, 1977).

871

J. B. Harley and D. Woodward, eds, The History of Cartography (Chicago, in progress), vol. ii, part II: Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies (1994).

872

M. Aung-Thwin, Pagan: the Origins of Modern Burma (Honolulu, 1985), pp. 104–105, 151.

873

K. R. Hall, Maritime Trade and State Development in Early Southeast Asia (Honolulu, 1985), p. 48.

874

J. Mirsky, The Great Chinese Travellers: an anthology (Chicago, 1974).

875

Ibid., p. 85.

876

O. W. Wolters, The Fall of Srivijaya in Malay History (Ithaca, 1970), P. 39.

877

Ibid., p. 10.

878

G. Coedes, Angkor: an Introduction (London, 1963), pp. 71–72.

879

J. Miksic, Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddha (Boston, 1990), p. 17.

880

Soekomono, Chandi Borobudur (Amsterdam and Paris, 1976), p. 17.

881

Miksic, op. cit., pp. 67–69.

882

Ibid., pp. 88, 91–93.

883

Wolters, op. cit., p. 19.

884

O. W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce: a Study of the Origins of Sri Vijaya (Ithaca, 1967), p. 251; Hall, op. cit., p. 195.

885

T. Pigeaud, Java in the Fourteenth Century, 5 vols (The Hague, 1960), vol. iii, pp. 9-23, 97, 99; vol. iv, pp. 37, 547.

886

A. Reid, South-east Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1988–1993), ii, pp. 39–45; P. Y. Manguin, ‘The Southeast Asian Ship: an Historical Approach’, в книге F. Fernandez-Armesto, ed., The Global Opportunity (Aldershot and Brookfield, Vt, 1995), pp. 33–43.

887

Hall, op. cit., p. 183.

888

Harley and Woodward, eds, op. cit., vol. ii, part I (1992), pp. 337, 397, plate 30; vol. ii, part II (1994), pp. 723–728.

889

The Jataka or Stories of the Buddha's Former Birth, ed. E. B. Cowell, 7 vols (Cambridge, 1895–1913), vol. i, pp. 10, 19–20; vol. ii, pp. 89–91; vol. iv, pp. 10–12, 86–90 (nos. 2, 4, 196, 442).

890

K. R. Hall, Trade and Statecraft in the Age of Colas (New Delhi, 1980), p. 166.

891

Ibid., p. 9; B. Stein, Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India (Delhi, 1980), p. 322.

892

Hall, Trade and Statecraft, op. cit., p. 193.

893

Ibid., p. 173.

894

В. K. Pandeya, Temple Economy under the Colas (c. 850-1070) (New Delhi, 1984), p. 38.

895

V. DeheЛa, Art of the Imperial Cholas (New York, 1990), p. xiv.

896

Ibid., pp. 79–80.

897

Cowell, ed., op. cit., vol. iii, pp. 123–125; vol. iv, pp. 86–90.

898

B. Chattopadhyaya, The Making of Early Medieval India (Delhi, 1997), p. 112.

899

M. Mehta, Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective (Delhi, 1991), pp. 16–19, 35–36; V. K. Jain, Trade and Traders in Western India, AD 100-1300 (New Delhi, 1990), p. 84.

900

A. T. Embree, Sources of Indian Tradition, vol. i (New York, 1988), p. 74.

901

M. Mehta, Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective (Delhi, 1991), pp. 18, 98.

902

Decadas da Asia, Dec. IV, book 5, ch. 1.

903

F. Femdndez-Armesto, ‘Naval Warfare after the Viking Age’, в книге М. H. Keen, ed, Medieval Warfare: a History (Oxford, 1999).

904

Marco Polo, The Travels, ed. R. Latham (Harmondsworth, 1968), p. 290.

905

Свидетельства восхитительно подытожены в G. Winius, Portugal the Pathfinder (Madison, 1995), pp. 119–120.

906

Mehta, op. cit., pp. 53–63.

907

H. R. Clark, Communities, Trade and Networks: Southern FuЛan Province from the Third to the Thirteenth Centuries (Cambridge, 1991), p. 65.

908

Ibid., p. 123.

909

E. B. Vermeer, Chinese Local History: Stone Inscriptions from Fukien in the Sung to Ch'ing Periods (Boulder, 1991), p. 156. О мостах см. также ‘The Great Granite Bridges of Fukien’ в книге С. R. Boxer, ed., South China in the Sixteenth Century (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1953), pp. 332–340, and L. Renchuan, ‘Fukien’s Private Sea Trade in the 16th and 17th Centuries’ в книге E. В. Vermeer, ed., Development and Decline of Fukien Province in the 17th and 18th Centuries (Leiden, 1990), pp. 163–215, особ. p. 167. Я благодарен профессору Леонарду Блиссе, позволившему мне воспользоваться этой работой, которая имеет большое значения для морской истории Фучжоу.

910

Clark, op. cit., p. 4.

911

Ibid., p. 135–140.

912

Аскезу внутреннего мира (нем.).

913

J. N. Green, ‘The Song Dynasty Shipwreck at Quanzhou, FuЛan Province, People’s Republic of China’, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, xii (1983), pp. 253–261.

914

C. Pin-Tsun, ‘Maritime Trade and Local Economy in Late Ming Fukien’, в книге Vermeer, ed., op. cit., pp. 63–81, особенно p. 69.