Цивилизации - Фелипе Фернандес-Арместо

C. Pin-Tsun, ‘Maritime Trade and Local Economy in Late Ming Fukien’, в книге Vermeer, ed., op. cit., pp. 63–81, особенно p. 69.

915

J. Duyvendak, ‘The true dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions of the Early Fifteenth Century’, Toung Pao, xxxiv (1938), pp. 399–412; F. Fernandez-Armesto, Millennium: A History of Our Last Thousand Years (New York, 1995), p. 144.

916

T’ien Juk’ang, ‘The Chinese Junk Trade: Merchants, Entrepreneurs and Coolies 1600–1850’, в книге К. Friedland, ed., Maritime Aspects of Migration (Cologne, 1989), p. 382. Я благодарю профессора Леонарда Бласса за эту ссылку.

917

Renchan, op. cit., pp. 176–177.

918

Ibid., p. 180.

919

L. Blusse, ‘Mannan-Jen or Cosmopolitan? The Rise of Cheng Chih-lung Alias Nicolas Iquan’, в книге Vermeer, ed., op. cit., pp. 244–264.

920

Fernandez-Armesto, op. cit., pp. 315–319; Wang Gungwu, ‘Merchants without Empire: the Hokkien Sojourning Communities’, в книге J. D. Tracy, ed., The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350–1750 (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 399–421.

921

L. Blusse, ‘Chinese Century: the Eighteenth Century in the China Sea Region’, Archipel, lviii (1999), pp. 107–129.

922

Works and Days, 392–420, 450–475, 613–705; tr. A. W. Mair (Oxford, 1908), pp. 11, 15–17, 23–25.

923

Critias, 11 IB.

924

J. D. Hughes, Ecology in Ancient Civilizations (Albuquerque, 1975), pp. 53–54.

925

Histories, 4.152.

926

J. Boardman, The Greeks Overseas: their Early Colonies and Trade (London, 1980).

927

С Morgan, Athletes and Oracles: the Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC (Cambridge, 1990), p. 188.

928

Ibid., pp. 172–178, 186–190.

929

Birds, 33; tr. B. Bickley Rogers (London, 1924), p. 133.

930

A. Snodgrass, ‘The Nature and Standing of the Early Western Colonies’ в книге G. R. Tsetskhladze and F. De Angelis, eds, The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation: Essays Presented to Sir John Boardman (Oxford, 1994), pp. 1-10.

931

I. Malkin, Religion and Greek Colonisation (Leiden, 1987); J. Boardman, op. cit. p. 163.

932

G. R. Tsetskhladze, ‘Greek Penetration of the Black Sea’ в книге Tsetskhladze and De Angelis, op. cit., p. 117.

933

Boardman, op. cit., pp. 119–121.

934

Ibid., pp. 131–132.

935

W. L. West, The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Poetry and Myth (Oxford, 1997).

936

Aristophanes, Frogs, 1462–1464; tr. Rogers, op. cit., p. 431.

937

R. Meiggs, The Athenian Empire (Oxford, 1972).

938

Poetics, XIII, 5–6; ed. W. Hamilton Fyfe (London, 1932), pp. 46–47.

939

Republic, ed. D. Lee (Harmondsworth, 1974), p. 444.

940

F. Femandez-Armesto, Truth: a History (London, 1997), pp. 102–104.

941

A History of Greek Philosophy, 6 vols (Cambridge, 1962–1981), vol. vi (1981), pp. 11.

942

U. Eco, The Name of the Rose (San Diego, 1983), p. 473.

943

L. Cottrell, Wonders of Antiquity (London, 1960).

944

В русском языке от него же происходит слово «парус».

945

Ibid., p. 63; P. M. Fraser, Ptolemaic Alexandria, 3 vols (Oxford, 1972), vol. i, p. 317.

946

Ibid., p. 61.

947

Ibid., pp. 132–172.

948

Ibid., p. 717–763.

949

Ibid., p. 774.

950

P. A. Clayton and M. J. Price, The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World (London and New York, 1988), pp. 138–157.

951

Мавзолей изображен на монетах: Annual of the British School at Athens, LIII–LIV (1958–1959), pi. 73. BM Coins, Caria, p. 195 no. 11.

952

K. Jeppesen and A. Luttrell, The Mausolleion at Halikamassos, II (1986).

953

Clayton and Price, op. cit., p. 12.

954

A. Bammer, ‘Les Sanctuaires a l’Artemision d’Ephese’, Revue arch4ologique, i (1991), pp. 63–84; Clayton and Price, op. cit., pp. 78–99.

955

C. Karousos, Rhodos (n.p., n.d., (original Greek ed. 1949)), p. 30.

956

H. Maryon, ‘The Colossus of Rhodes’, Journal of Hellenic Studies, lxxvi (1956), pp. 68–86.

957

H. van Loog, ‘Olympie: politique et culture’, в книге D. Vanhove, ed., Le Sport dans la Grece antique (Brussels, 1992.), p. 137.

958

G. M. A. Richter, ‘The Pheidian Zeus at Olympia’, Hesperia, xxv (1966), plates 53 и особенно 54; J. Swaddling, The Ancient Olympic Games (London, 1980); A. Gabriel, ‘La construction, Pattitude et l’emplacement du Colosse de Rhodes’, Bulletin de correspondance hellenique, lvi (1931), p. 337 (reconstruction of Colossus with torch). Helios relief: Rhodes Archaeological Museum, inv no 13612 (reproduced in Clara Rhodos, v (part 2.) (1932), pp. 24–26, plate II and fig. 15).

959

Horace (to Vergil), Odes, I. 3, w. 9-12.

960

Наше море (лат.).

961

P. Salway, The Frontier People of Roman Britain (London, 1965), p. 213.

962

Satyricon, ed. W. K. Kelly (London, 1854), p. 219.

963

Ibid., p. 231.

964

Satires, II.8.301.

965

Odes, 1.31.

966

Этот пассаж созвучен Fernandez-Armesto, Truth, op. cit., pp. 107–108; см. M. Gibson, ed., Boethius: his Life, Thought and Influence (Oxford, 1981), pp. 73-134.

967

P. Hunter Blair, The World of Bede (Cambridge, 1990).

968

См. мою попытку отображения на карте распространения Возрождения в The Times Illustrated History of Europe (London, 1996), p. 98.

969

V. Fraser, The Architecture of Conquest: Building in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1535–1635 (Cambridge, 1990).

970

R. H. Jenkyns, The Victorians and Ancient Greece (London, 1981), pp. 13–16, 171–172.

971

W. F. B. Laurie, ed., ‘Lord Macaulay’s Great Minute on Education in India’, Sketches of Some Distinguished Anglo-Indians, ii (1888), p. 176.

972

Jenkyns, op. cit., p. 97.

973

Agatharchides of Cnidos, On the Erythraean Sea, ed. S. M. Burstein (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1989), pp. 49, 70, 85, 174; G. W. B. Huntingford, ed., The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1980).

974

Swami Vivekananda, Complete Works, vol. iv (Calcutta, 1992), p. 401; T. Rayachaudhuri, Europe Reconsidered: Perceptions of the West in Nineteenth-century Bengal (Delhi, 1988), pp. 271–273.

975

J. Sarkar, History of Bengal, vol. ii (Calcutta, 1948), p. 498.

976

D. Kopf, British Orientalism and the Bengali Renaissance (London, 1969), pp. 273–291.

977

М. K. Haidar, Renaissance and Reaction in Nineteenth-century Bengal: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (Columbia, Mo., 1977), pp. 4–6; A. F. Salahuddin Ahmed, ‘Rammohun Roy and His Contemporaries’, в книге V. С. Joshi, ed., Rammohun Roy and the Process of Modernisation in India (Delhi, 1975), p. 94.

978

R. K. Ray in Joshi, ed., op. cit., p. 7; A. Poddar, Renaissance in Bengal: Quests and Confrontations, 1800–1860 (Simla, 1970), p. 48.

979

D. Kopf, The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modem Indian Mind (Princeton, 1979), p. 94.

980

Я благодарен Вильяму Рейдайсу за такой метод изложения событий.

981

Многосторонний человек (лат.).

982

A. Coates, Rizal (London, 1968), p. 149.

983

Horace, Odes (1.5).

984

Former instructions to skippers at Port Louis, Mauritius, приведено в Alan Villiers, Monsoon Seas (New York, 1952, p. 30).

985

Е. A. Alpers, ‘Trade, State and Society among the Yao in the Nineteenth Century’, Journal of African History, x (1970), pp. 405–420.

986

H. A. R. Gibb, ed., The Travels of Ibn Battuta A.D. 1325–1354, vol. ii (Cambridge, The Hakluyt Society, 1962), pp. 360–401; vol. iv (1994), pp. 827–828, 841.

987

Ibid., vol. iii (1971), p. 616.

988

Ibid., p. 657.

989

Ibid., p. 900.

990

Выражение «новая Европа» изобретено Альфредом Кросби: Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: the Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900 (Cambridge, 1986).

991

H. Hasan, A History of Persian Navigation (London, 1928), p. 1.

992

S. Ratnagar, Encounters: the Westerly Trade of the Harappa Civilization (Delhi, 1981).

993

L. Casson, The Periplus Maris Erythraei (Princeton, 1989), pp. 7, 21–27, 34–35, 58–61, 69, 74–89; G. W. B. Huntingford, ed., The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1980), pp. 8-12, 81–86, 106–120.

994

Natural History, VI, xxvi, 104.

995

J. Needham, Science and Civilization in China (Cambridge, 1956 — in progress), vol. iv, part III (1971), pp. 42–44.

996

O. W. Wolters, Early Indonesian Commerce: a Study of the Origins of Srivijaya (Ithaca, N.Y., 1967), pp. 32–48; M. Tampoe, Maritime Trade between China and the West: an Archaeological Study of the Ceramics from Siraf (Persian Gulf), 8th to 15th centuries AD (London, 1986), p. 119; K. N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: an Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 49–53.

997

О. H. K. Spate, The Spanish Lake (Minneapolis, 1979), pp. 101–106; M. Mitchell, Friar Andris de Urdaneta, O.S.A. (London, 1964), pp. 132–139.

998

R. H. Grove, Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens and the Origins of Environmentalism, 1600–1800 (Cambridge, 1995). pp. 168–263, 374–379, 386–393.

999

Cm. Chaudhuri, op. cit., p. 15.

1000

См. например К. Nebenzahl, Atlas of Columbus and the Great Discoveries (Chicago, 1970), pp. 4–5.

1001

Конец, заключительная часть (лат.).