В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики - Дэниел Ергин

5. Paul Israel, Edison: A Life of Invention (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), p. 166 (“subdivided”); Jonnes, Empires of Light, p. 59 (“scientific men”); Hughes, Networks of Power, pp. 19–21 (“Edison’s genius”).

6. Hughes Networks of Power, p. 22; Israel, Edison, p. 167 (“enabled him to succeed”).

7. Robert Friedel, Paul Israel and Bernard Finn, Edison’s Electric Light: The Art of Invention (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), p. 30–31 (“expensive experimenting”); Jonnes, Empires of Light, p. 76 (“Capital is timid”), pp. 3–11 (“experimental station”).

8. Randall Stross, The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Edison Invented the Modern World (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2007), p. 126; Jonnes, Empires of Light, pp. 195–97 (“Westinghoused”).

9. There were 27. 5 million recorded visitors to the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893, at a time when the total population of the United States was 65 million; Erik Larson, The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair That Changed America (New York: Vintage Books, 2004), pp. 4–5; J. P. Barrett, Electricity at the Columbian Exposition (Chicago: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, 1894), pp. xi, 16–18; David Nye: Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1992), p. 38.

10. John F. Wasik, The Merchant of Power: Sam Insull, Thomas Edison, and the Creation of the Modern Metropolis (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), pp. 7, 10–11; Forrest McDonald, Insull: The Rise and Fall of a Billionaire Utility Tycoon (Washington, DC: BeardBooks, 2004), pp. 15–20.

11. Hughes, Networks of Power, p. 220 (“had to go to Europe”).

12. Richard F. Hirsh, Technology and Transformation in the American Electric Utility Industry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. 19 (“begin to realize”).

13. Alfred E. Kahn, The Economics of Regulation: Principles and Institutions, vol. 2. (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1998), p. 117; Hughes, Networks of Power, p. 206.

14. Alfred E. Kahn, The Economics of Regulation: Principles and Institutions, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1998), pp. 11–12, 43 (“fair interpretation”); Samuel Insull, The Memoirs of Samuel Insull: An Autobiography, ed. Larry Plachno (Polo, Illinois: Transportation Trails, 1992), pp. 89–90.

15. Hughes, Networks of Power, p. 182 (“most important city,” “toasted bread”), p. 227 (“remaining last”).

16. Hirsh, Technology and Transformation in the American Electric Utility Industry, p. 17; Jonnes, Empires of Light, p. 368; New York Times, July 17, 1938 (“cheapest way”).

17. Time, May 14, 1934 (“presiding angel”); McDonald, Insull, p. 238 (“my name”).

18. McDonald, Insull, p. 282.

19. U. S. Energy Information Agency, “Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935: 1935–1992.” January 1993, p. 6; Time, May 14, 1934 (“I have erred”).

20. Frederick Lewis Allen, Since Yesterday: The 1930’s in America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1986), p. 75 (“I wish my time”); New York Times, June 12, 1932 (“foresight”); McDonald, Insull, p. 277 (“too broke”).

21. Wasik, The Merchant of Power, p. 236; Time, May 14, 1934; McDonald, Insull, p. 314 (“to get” the Insulls); New York Times, July 17, 1938.

22. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Age of Roosevelt, vol. 3, The Politics of Upheaval (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), p. 304 (FTC).

23. Hughes, Networks of Power, p. 204 (“difficult concepts”); Schlesinger, The Age of Roosevelt, vol. 3, The Politics of Upheaval, pp. 303–12 (“private socialism”); Kennth S. Davis, FDR: The New Deal Years 1933–1937 (New York: Random House, 1986), pp. 529–37.

24. Robert Caro, The Path to Power (New York: Vintage Books, 1990), pp. 379, 504.

25. Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), pp. 231–33; Michael J. Bennett, When Dreams Came True: The G. I. Bill and the Making of Modern America (Washington, DC: Brassay’s, 2000), p. 287.

26. Ronald Reagan, Reagan: A Life in Letters, eds. Kiron Skinner, Annelise Anderson and Martin Anderson (New York: Free Press, 2003), p. 143 (“won’t fly”).

27. Ronald Reagan with Richard G. Hubler, Where’s the Rest of Me? (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1965), p. 273 (“most electric house”); Lou Cannon, Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power (New York: Public Affairs, 2003), p. 111 (“more refrigerators”), ch. 6; Nancy Reagan with William Novak, My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan (New York: Random House, 1989), p. 128 (Hoover Dam).

28. General Electric, “Ronald Reagan and GE,” webpage at http://www.ge.com/reagan/video.html.

Глава 18. Ядерный цикл

1. David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy 1939–1956 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996), p. 220.

2. Richard G. Hewlett and Jack M. Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), ch. 1.

3. Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961, pp. 23–65 (“national importance”), (“Project Wheaties”); Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier and President (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), p. 339 (“scare the country”); Robert Ferrell, ed., The Eisenhower Diaries (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), p. 234 (“racing towards catastrophe”); Dwight D. Eisenhower, speech, 470th Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, December 8, 1953 (“Peaceful power”).

4. Jimmy Carter, White House Diary (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010), p. 28 (“Widely considered”).

5. Hyman Rickover, No Holds Barred: The Final Congressional Testimony of Admiral Hyman Rickover (Washington, DC: Center for Study of Responsive Law, 1982), p. 78 (“coincidence”).

6. Interview with Admiral Hyman Rickover, 60 Minutes, CBS, December 1984 (“stay alive”); Francis Duncan, Rickover: The Struggle for Excellence (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2001), chs. 1–3.

7. Duncan, Rickover, p. 83 (“foremost engineers”); interview with Admiral Hyman Rickover, 60 Minutes, CBS, December 1984 (“get things done”).

8. Hyman Rickover, testimony, Joint Economic Committee, U. S. Congress, January 31, 1982.

9. Duncan, Rickover, p. 143 (“unknown to industry”).

10. Interview with Admiral Hyman Rickover, 60 Minutes, CBS, December 1984.

11. Jimmy Carter, Why Not the Best? (New York: Bantam Books, 1976).

12. Duncan, Rickover, pp. 2, 157–58; Time, January 11, 1954; William Anderson, Nautilus 90 North (New York: World Publishing Corp, 1959), p. 203.

13. Robert Darst, Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001), pp. 138–39.

14. Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961, pp. 192–95; Time, November 2, 1953; New York Times Magazine, December 20, 1953; The New York Times, September 17, 1954 (“too cheap to meter”).

15. Duncan, Rickover, p. 2 (“first full-scale”); Hewlett and Holl, Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961, p. 421.

16. Irving C. Bupp and Jean-Claude Derian, Light Water: How the Nuclear Dream Dissolved (New York: Basic Books, 1978), p. 50 (“cheapest of all”).

17. Bupp and Derian, Light Water, ch. 4, including p. 82 (“traumatic”).

18. Daniel Yergin, “The Terrifying Prospect: Atomic Bombs Everywhere,” Atlantic Monthly, April 1977, p. 47.

19. Interview with George Kistiakowsky.

20. Bupp and Derian, Light Water, p. 122 (“copious amounts”); Report of the President’s Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, October 1979.

21. Report of the President’s Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island; The New York Times, April 2, 1979; Time, April 9, 1979.

22. Letter from H. G. Rickover to President Jimmy Carter, December 1, 1979, staff officer, office to the senator, Box 158, Folder 12/5/79, Canton Library.

23. Interview with Jean Blancard; Bupp and Derian, Light Water, pp. 105–11.

24. Philippe de Ladoucette to author.

25. Time, May 26, 1986.

26. Philippe de Ladoucette to author.

27. Masahisa Naitoh to author.

Глава 19. Выбор топлива

1. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2010 (Paris: International Energy Agency, 2010), p. 227.

2. Jone-Lin Wang, “Playing to Strength – Diversifying Electricity,” The Wall Street Journal, February 2006.

3. U. S. Energy Information Administration, “International Energy Statistics,” 2009.

4. The Sierra Club, “Stopping the Coal Rush” Web page, at http://www.sierraclub.org/environmentallaw/coal/.

5. Ayaka Jones and Patricia DiOrio, “Staying Power: Can US Coal Plants Dodge Retirement for Another Decade?” IHS CERA, 2011.

6. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Future of Coal: Options for a Carbon-Constrained World, 2007, p. x.

7. MIT, The Future of Coal, pp. ix, 15, 43.

8. John Deutch, The Crisis in Energy Policy: The Godkin Lecture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011), ch. 3; IHS CERA, Fueling North America’s Energy Future: The Unconventional Natural Gas Revolution and the Carbon Agenda, 2010, pp. vii – 2.

9. Interview with Shirley Jackson.

10. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, “Reactor License Renewal,” February 16, 2011, at http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/licensing/renewal.html.