Создатели искусственного гения. О бунтарях, которые наделили интеллектом Google, Facebook и весь мир - Кейд Метц

“Google Turning Its Lucrative Web Search Over to AI Machines”, Bloomberg News, October 26, 2015, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-26/google-turning-its-lucrative-web-search-over-to-ai-machines

191 Там же.

192 Cade Metz, “AI Is Transforming Google Search. The Rest of the Web Is Next”, Wired, February 4, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/02/ai-is-changing-the-technology-behind-google-searches/; Mike Isaac and Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Amit Singhal, Uber Executive Linked to Old Harassment Claim, Resigns”, New York Times, February 27, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html

193 Metz, “AI Is Transforming Google Search. The Rest of the Web Is Next”.

194 Jack Clarke, “Google Cuts Its Giant Electricity Bill with DeepMind-Powered AI”, Bloomberg News, July 19, 2016, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-19/google-cuts-its-giant-electricity-bill-with-deepmind-powered-ai

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197 Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne, “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?”, Working Paper, Oxford Martin School, September 2013, https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf

198 Ashlee Vance, “This Man Is the Godfather the AI Community Wants to Forget”, Bloomberg Businessweek, May 15, 2018, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-05-15/google-amazon-and-facebook-owe-j-rgen-schmidhuber-a-fortune

199 Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, et al., “Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality”, 2013, https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3781

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203 “NIPS Oral Session 4 – Ilya Sutskever”, YouTube, https://youtu.be/-uyXE7dY5H0

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214 Cade Metz, “Building an AI Chip Saved Google From Building a Dozen New Data Centers”, Wired, April 5, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/04/building-ai-chip-saved-google-building-dozen-new-data-centers/

215 Cade Metz, “Revealed: The Secret Gear Connecting Google’s Online Empire”, Wired, June 17, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/06/google-reveals-secret-gear-connects-online-empire/

216 Robert McMillan and Cade Metz, “How Amazon Followed Google into the World of Secret Servers”, Wired, November 30, 2012, https://www.wired.com/2012/11/amazon-google-secret-servers/

217 Gideon Lewis-Kraus, “The Great AI Awakening”, New York Times Magazine, December 14, 2006, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/14/magazine/the-great-ai-awakening.html

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231 Geoffrey Hinton, Oriol Vinyals, and Jeff Dean, “Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Network”, 2015, https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02531

232 James Cook, “Elon Musk: You Have No Idea How Close We Are to Killer Robots”, Business Insider UK, November 17, 2014, https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-killer-robots-will-be-here-within-five-years-2014-11

233 Ashlee Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (New York: Ecco, 2017).

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237 “Closing Bell”, CNBC, transcript, https://www.cnbc.com/2014/06/18/first-on- cnbc-cnbc-transcript-spacex-ceo-elon-musk-speaks-with-cnbcs-closing-bell.html

238 Elon Musk tweet, August 2, 2014, https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/495759307346952192?s=19

239 Там же.

240 Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014). [В русском переводе: Ник Бостром, Искусственный интеллект. Этапы. Угрозы. Стратегии, «Манн, Иванов и Фербер», 2016].

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245 Lessley Anderson, “Elon Musk: A Machine Tasked with Getting Rid of Spam Could End Humanity”, Vanity Fair, October 8, 2014, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/tech/2014/10/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-fear

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249 Cook, “Elon Musk: You Have No Idea How Close We Are to Killer Robots”.

250 William K. Rashbaum, Benjamin Weiser, and Michael Gold, “Jeffrey Epstein Dead in Suicide at Jail, Spurring Inquiries”, New York Times, August 10, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/10/nyregion/jeffrey-epstein-suicide.html

251 Cook, “Elon Musk: You Have No Idea How Close We Are to Killer Robots”.

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253 Shane Legg, “Machine Super Intelligence”, 2008, http://www.vetta.org/documents/Machine_Super_Intelligence.pdf

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257 Max Tegmark, Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (New York: Random House, 2017). [В русском переводе: Макс Тегмарк, Жизнь 3.0. Быть человеком в эпоху искусственного интеллекта, «АСТ», 2019.]

258 Там же.

259 Robert McMillan, “AI Has Arrived, and That Really Worries the World’s Brightest Minds”, Wired, January 16, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/01/ai-arrived-really-worries-worlds-brightest-minds/

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261 Tegmark, Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.

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265 Elon Musk tweet, January 15, 2015, https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/555743387056226304.

266 “An Open Letter, Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence”, Future of Life Institute, https://futureoflife.org/ai-open-letter/

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270 Tegmark, Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.

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273 Cade Metz, “Inside OpenAI, Elon Musk’s Wild Plan to Set Artificial Intelligence Free”, Wired, April 27, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/

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283 OpenAI, form 990, 2016.

284 Steven Levy, “How Elon Musk and Y Combinator Plan to Stop Computers from Taking Over”, “Backchannel”, Wired, December 11, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/12/how-elon-musk-and-y-combinator-plan-to-stop-computers-from-taking-over/

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290 Metz, “Inside OpenAI, Elon Musk’s Wild Plan to Set Artificial Intelligence Free”.

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293 Cade Metz, “Facebook Aims Its AI at the Game No Computer Can Crack”, Wired, November 3, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/11/facebook-is-aiming-its-ai-at-go-the-game-no-computer-can-crack/

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296 Alan Levinovitz, “The Mystery of Go, the Ancient Game That Computers Still Can’t Win”, Wired, May 12, 2014, https://www.wired.com/2014/05/the-world-of-computer-go/

297 Metz, “Facebook Aims Its AI at the Game No Computer Can Crack”.

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301 Cade Metz, “Facebook’s AI Is Now Automatically Writing Photo Captions”, Wired, April 5, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/04/facebook-using-ai-write-photo-captions-blind-users/

302 Cade Metz, “Facebook’s Human-Powered Assistant May Just Supercharge AI”, Wired, August 26, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/08/how-facebook-m-works/

303 Metz, “Facebook Aims Its AI at the Game No Computer Can Crack”.

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305 “Interview with Demis Hassabis”, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhAjLnT9aL4

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308 Cade Metz, “In a Huge Breakthrough, Google’s AI Beats a Top Player at the Game of Go”, Wired, January 27, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/01/in-a-huge-breakthrough-googles-ai-beats-a-top-player-at-the-game-of-go/

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311 Cade Metz, “What the AI Behind AlphaGo Can Teach Us About Being Human”, Wired, May 19, 2016, https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/

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317 Chris J. Maddison, Aja Huang, Ilya Sutskever, and David Silver, “Move Evaluation in Go Using