Жизнь в средневековой деревне - Фрэнсис Гис

53 Elton Manorial Records, 1279–1351 / Ed. S. C. Ratcliff, trans. D. M. Gregory. Cambridge, 1946. P. 152. (Далее – E.M.R.)

54 Ibid. P. 392, 393.

55 Hilton. A Medieval Society. P. 95.

56 Deserted Medieval Villages. P. 116.

57 E.M.R. P. 196, 300, 316; Astill Grenville. Rural Settlement, the Toft and the Croft // The Countryside of Medieval England. P. 36–61.

58 E.M.R. P. 52.

59 Ibid. P. 52, 370.

60 Ibid. P. 52.

61 Ibid. P. 50, 82, 110.

62Rot. Hund. P. 656; Webster Leslie E., Cherry John. Medieval Britain in 1977 // Medieval Archaeology. № 22 (1978). P. 142, 178.

63 E.M.R. P. 22, 66, 275.

64 Ibid. P. 13, 79, 214.

65 Ibid. P. 137, 138, 169, 275, 322, 323, 336.

66 Ibid. P. 213.

67 Ibid. P. 21, 64, 138, 169, 170, 215, 386.

68 Ibid. P. 65, 66, 80, 169, 174, 176, 185, 322, 323.

69 Ibid. P. 14, 22, 137, 386.

70 Ibid. P. 14, 137, 138, 139, 323.

71 Ibid. P. 137, 138, 168, 214, 371.

72 Ibid. P. 169.

73 Ibid. P. 137, 213, 214, 272, 288.

74 Ibid. P. 52, 77–78.

75 Ibid. P. 112.

76 Ibid. P. 10, 19, 57, 126, 158, 203, 266–267.

77 Ibid. P. LI.

78 Roberts Brian K. The Making of the English Village, a Study in Historical Geography. Harlow, England, 1987. P. 21–29; Chapelot, Fossier. Op. cit. P. 184.

79 Hilton. A Medieval Society. P. 93–95.

80 E.M.R. P. 69.

81 Rot. Hund. P. 656–658.

82 Hilton. A Medieval Society. P. 92.

83 E.M.R. P. 97.

84 Rot. Hund. P. 657.

Глава III. Хозяин

85 The Estate Book of Henry de Bray, Northamptonshire, c. 1289–1340 / Ed. D. Willis. Camden Society. 3rd ser. № 27 (1916).

86 Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. 17.

87 Hilton R. H. The English Peasantry in the Later Middle Ages. Oxford, 1975. P. 132–133.

88 Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 330–331.

89 Raftis. Op. cit. P. 77; Lennard R. Rural England, 1086–1135, a Study of Society and Agrarian Conditions. Oxford, 1959. P. 199.

90 Dyer Christopher. Lords and Peasants in a Changing Society: The Estates of the Bishopric of Worcester, 680–1548. Cambridge, 1980. P. 55; Duby. Op. cit. P. 35.

91 Косминский. Указ. соч. Таблица 3. С. 153–155; Cart. Rames. Vol. 1. P. 294, 306.

92 Перевести один акр в другой, если они различались, тогда было нелегко: в Средневековье не знали смешанных дробей. Автор одного трактата, сообщая о площади участка – один акр плюс три и девять шестнадцатых перча, – применяет следующее выражение: «один акр с половиной, перч, полперча и шестнадцатая часть перча».

93 Raftis. Op. cit. P. 68–69.

94 E.M.R. P. 117.

95 Ibid. P. 193, 299.

96 Ibid. P. 45.

97 Ibid. P. 46.

98 Moore Ellen W. The Fairs of Medieval England: An Introductory Study. Toronto, 1985.

99 Cart. Rames. Vol. 2. P. 342.

100 Homans George C. The Rural Sociology of Medieval England // Past and Present. № 4 (1953). P. 39.

101 Ibid. P. 40.

102 Walter of Henley’s Husbandry. Together with an Anonymous Husbandry, Seneschaucie, etc. / Ed. E. Lamond. Oxford, 1890. P. 35. (Далее – Walter of Henley).

103 Ibid. (Rules of St. Robert). P. 125.

104 Ibid. (Seneschaucie). P. 88–89; Davenport Frances. The Economic Development of a Norfolk Manor, 1086–1565. Cambridge, 1906. P. 22–23.

105 Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie). P. 105.

106 E.M.R. P. XVIII.

107 E.M.R. P. 173; Frances Davenport. Op. cit. P. 23.

108 Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. 192–193.

109 Walter of Henley. P. 11.

110 E.M.R. P. XXXVII–XXXVIII.

111 Ibid. P. 2, 4, 138, 272, 275, 386.

112 Ibid. P. 67–68, 140–141, 276–277.

113 Ibid. P. 13, 67.

114 Ibid. P. 63.

115 Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie). P. 99.

116 Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 297–305; Duby. Op. cit. P. 233; Raftis. Op. cit. P. 125–127; Miller, Hatcher. Op. cit. P. 193–197.

117 Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie). P. 100–102.

118 E.M.R. P. 56–85.

119 Ibid. P. 15.

120 Ibid. P. 24.

121 Ibid. P. 68.

122 Raftis. Op. cit. P. 95.

123 Saul Nigel. Scenes from Provincial Life, Knightly Families in Sussex, 1280–1400. Oxford, 1987. P. 127.

124 Чосер Дж. Кентерберийские рассказы. М.: Наука, 2012. С. 22.

125 Walter of Henley. P. 17–18.

126 Drew J. S. Manorial Accounts of St. Swithun’s Priory, Winchester // Essays in Economic History / Ed. E. M. Carus-Wilson. London, 1962. P. 27–30.

127 Walter of Henley. P. 11.

128 Homans. English Villagers in the Thirteenth Century. P. 293.

129 E.M.R. P. 70, 79, 278, 373.

130 Walter of Henley (Rules of St. Robert). P. 145.

131 Cart. Rames. Vol. 3. P. 168–169, 230–232.

132 Vinogradoff. The Growth of the Manor. London, 1911; Dyer. Op. cit. P. 67.

133 Postan M. M. The Famulus: The Estate Labourer in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries // Economic History Review. Supplement №. 2. Cambridge, 1954. P. 3.

134 E.M.R. P. 16, 173, 218.

135 Ibid. P. 24, 48, 172–173, 217–218.

136 Postan. Op. cit. P. 21; Cart. Rames. Vol. 3. P. 236–241; Vol. 1. P. 319, 330, 340, 351, 363.

137 Postan. Op. cit. P. 21.

138 Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie). P. 110; Walter of Henley. P. 11–13; Farmer David L. Prices and Wages // The Agrarian History of England and Wales / Ed. H. E. Hallam. Vol. 2. 1042–1350, Cambridge, 1988. P. 748; Grant Annie. Animal Resources // The Countryside of Medieval England. P. 174.

139 E.M.R. P. 25–26; Raftis. Farming Techniques (East Midlands) // The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Vol. 2. P. 336–337.

140 E.M.R. P. 173.

141 Raftis. The Estates of Ramsey Abbey. P. 206.

142 E.M.R. P. LII, LIII.

143 Raftis. The Estates of Ramsey Abbey. P. 167.

144 Ault Warren O. Open-Field Farming in Medieval England: A Study of Village By-Laws. London, 1972. P. 31.

145 Farmer. Op. cit. P. 734.

146 Walter of Henley (Seneschaucie). P. 113.

147 Walter of Henley. P. 25.

148 Trow-Smith Robert. History of British Livestock Husbandry. London, 1957–1959.