Категории
Самые читаемые
Лучшие книги » Научные и научно-популярные книги » История » Великие арабские завоевания - Хью Кеннеди

Великие арабские завоевания - Хью Кеннеди

Читать онлайн Великие арабские завоевания - Хью Кеннеди

Шрифт:

-
+

Интервал:

-
+

Закладка:

Сделать
1 ... 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
Перейти на страницу:

Во многих отношениях примирение с властью мусульман было результатом их политики по отношению к врагу: капитуляция, принятие условий и выплата дани всегда оказывались предпочтительнее сопротивления до конца. Исламизация и арабизация, последовавшие за завоеваниями в следующие два или три века, не могли бы произойти без предварительного политического успеха, но не были продиктованным следствием завоевания. Напротив, это был постепенный, почти всегда мирный процесс, вызванный тем, что все больше людей желали приобщиться и идентифицироваться с доминирующей культурой своего времени.

В заключение скажем, что успех мусульманских завоеваний был результатом неустойчивого и несовершенного состояния всего послеримского мира, в который они вторглись, мужества и самоотверженности воинов-бедуинов и вдохновенности, сочетавшейся с открытостью для всех, новой веры — ислама.

Библиография

Исторические и географические источники в английском переводе

Мусульманские источники

All b. Hamid al-Kufï, Chachnamah: An Ancient History of Sind, trans. M. K. Fredunbeg (Lahore, 1995).

Al-Bakri, Description de VAfrique septentrionale, trans. Baron William Mac Guckin de Slane (Paris, 1859).

Al-Baladhuri, The Origins of the Islamic State, trans. P. Hitti and F. Murgotten, 2 vols. (New York, 1916-24).

Ibn Fadlan's Journey to Russia: A tenth-century traveler from Baghdad to the Volga River, trans. R. Fiye (Princeton, NJ, 2005).

Firdawsi, Shahnamah, trans. D. Davis, vol. i: The Lion and the Throne; vol. ii: Fathers and Sorts; vol. iii: Sunset of Empire (Washington, DC, 1998-2004).

Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, trans. A. Guillaume (Karachi, 1955, repr. 1967).

Al-Muqaddasi, Ahsanal-Thqasim: The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions, trans. B. Collins (Reading, 2001).

Narshakhi, Muhammad b. Ja'far, History of Bukhara, trans. R. Fiye (Cambridge, MA, 1954).

Al-Tkbari, Th'rikh: The History of al-Tabari, ed. Y. Yarshater, 39 vols. (Albany, NJ, 1985-98).

Христианские источники

Anon., The Chronicle of754 in Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain, trans. К. B. Wolf (Liverpool, 1990).

Anon., The Chronicle ofZuqnin Parts III and IVA. D. 488-775, trans. A. Harrak (Toronto, 1999).

Fredegar, The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its Continuations, trans. J. M. Wallace-Hadrill. (London, 1960).

John of Nikiu, The Chronicle of John (c. 690 A. D.) Coptic Bishop of Nikiu, trans. R. H. Charles (London, 1916).

Maurice's Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine military strategy, trans. G. T. Dennis (Philadelphia, PA, 1984).

Movses of Dasxuranci, The History of the Caucasian Albanians, trans. C. J. F. Dowsett (Oxford, 1961).

Nikephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople, Short History, trans. C. Mango (Washington, DC, 1990).

Sawirus b. al-Muqaffa, "Life of Benjamin I the thirty-eighth Patriarch ad 622-66 Iм, in History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria, trans. B. Evetts (PatrologiaOrientalisl. 4,1905), pp. 487518.

Sebeos, The Armenian History, trans. R. W. Thomson, with notes by J. Howard-Johnston and T. Greenwood, 2 vols. (Liverpool, 1999).

Theophanes, The Chronicle ofTheophanes the Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History AD 284-813, trans. C. Mango and R. Scott (Oxford, 1997).

Various, The Seventh Century in Western-Syrian Chronicles, trans. A. Palmer (Liverpool, 1993).

Другие первоисточники

Ibn Abd al-Hakam, Abu'l-Qasim Abd al-Rahman b. Abd Allah, Futuh Misr, ed. С. C. Tbrrey (New Haven, CT, 1921).

Anon., "Doctrina Jacobi Nuper Baptizati", ed. with French trans. V. Déroche in Travaux et Mémoires (Collrige de France, Centre de recherche d'histoire et civilisation de Byzance) II (1991): 47-273.

Ibn Atham al-Kufi, Kitab al-Futuh ed. S. A. Bukhari, 7 vols. (Hyderabad, 1974).

Ibn al-Athir, Tzz al-Din, Al-Kamilfi'l-Ta'rikh, ed. C. J. Tornberg, 13 vols. (Leiden, 1867, repr. Beirut, 1982).

Al-Bakri, Descriptionde VAfrique septentrionale, ed. Baron de Slane (Algiers, 1857).

Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad b. Yahya, Futuh al-Buldan, ed. M. J. de Goeje. (Leiden, 1866. Repr. Leiden, 1968).

Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad b. Yahya, Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. XI, ed. W. Ahlwardt (Greifswald, 1883).

Al-Dinawari, Abu Hanifa Ahmad b. Dawud, Al-Akhbar al-Tiwal, ed. V. Guirgass and 1.1. Krachkovskii (Leiden, 1912).

Ibn Hawqal, Abu'l-Qasim, Kitab Surat al-Ard, ed. J. H. Kramers (Leiden, 1939).

Isfahani, Abu Nuaym, GeschichteIsfahans, ed. S. Dedering (Leiden, 1931).

Al-Istakhri, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim b. Muhammad, Kitab Masalik wa'l-Mamalik, ed. M. J. de Goeje (Leiden, 1927).

Ibn Khayya Khalifa, Th'ri/ch, ed. Akram Diya' al-4Umari (Beirut, 1977). Al-Kindi, Muhammad b. Yusuf, Kitab al-Wulat, ed. R. Guest (London, 1912).

Al-Kindi, Ya4qub b. Ishaq, Al-Suyuf wa AJnasiha, ed. Abd al-Rahman Zaki, Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts, Cairo, vol. 14 (1952), Arabic section, pp. 1-36.

Al-Mas'udi, 4Allb. al-Husayn, Миги/al-Dhahab, ed. C. Pellat, 7 vols. (Beirut, 1966-79).

Michael the Syrian. Chronicle, ed. with French trans. J.-B. Chabot, 4 vols. (Paris, 1899-1924).

Al-Nadim, Muhammad b. Ishaq, Fihrist, ed. G. Fliigel (Leipzig, 1871-2). Note that in this book, page references are to The Fihrist of al-Nadim, trans. B. Dodge, 2 vols. (New York, 1970).

Narshakhi, Muhammadb. Jafar, Th'rlkhiBukhara, ed. Muhammad b. Zafar b. Umar (Ifehran, 1972).

Qudama b. Ja'far, Al-Kharqj wa Sina'at al-Kitaba, ed. Muhammad Husayn al-Zubaydi (Baghdad, 1981).

Said ibn Batriq, Das Annalenwerk des Eutychios vonAlexandrien, ed. M. Breydy, in Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, vol. 471: Scriptores Arabici, t. 44 (Leuven, 1985).

Al-Tkbari, Muhammad b. Jarir, Th'nkhal-Rusulwa'l-Muluk, ed. M. J. de Goeje et al., 3 vols. (Leiden, 1879-1901).

Al-Ya4qubi, Ahmad b. Abi Ya'qub, Kitab al-Buldan, ed. M. J. de Goeje (Leiden, 1892).

Al-Ya4qubi, Ahmad b. Abi Ya'qub, Th'rikh, ed. M. Houtsma, 2 vols. (Leiden, 1883).

Yaqut, Ya'qub b. 'Abd Allah, Mu'jam al-Buldan, ed. F. Wustenfeld (Leipzig, 1886).

Дополнительное чтение

Adams, R. McC, The Land behind Baghdad: A history of settlement on the Diyala Plain (Chicago, IL, 1965).

Alexander, P. J., The Byzantine Apocalyptic Tradition (Berkeley, CA, 1985).

Bachrach, В., Early Carolingian Warfare: Prelude to empire (Philadelphia, PA, 2001).

Bagnall, R., Egypt in Late Antiquity (Princeton, NJ, 1993).

Bailey, H. W., Zoroastrian Problems in the Ninth-century Books (Oxford, 1943).

Barthold, V., Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasions, trans. H. Gibb (London, 1928, rev. edn, Gibb Memorial Series, n. s. V, London, 1968).

Bashear, S., "The mission of Dihya al-Kalbi", Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 14 ( 1991): 64-91, reprinted in idem, Studies in Early Islamic Tradition (Jerusalem, 2004), VIII.

Bass, G. F. and F. H. Van Doorninck, YassiAda, vol. 1: A Seventh-century Byzantine Shipwreck (College Station, TX, 1982).

Behbehani, H., 'Arab-Chinese military encounters: two case studies 715-751 AD", Aram I (1989): 65-112.

Behrens-Abouseif, D., "Topographie d'Alexandrie médiévale", in Alexandrie médiévale 2, ed. С. Décobert (Cairo, 2002), pp. 113-26.

Beihammer, A., "Zypern und die Byzantinisch-Arabische Seepolitik vom 8. bis zum Beginn des 10. Jahrhunderts", in Aspects of Arab Seafaring, ed. Y. Y. al-Hijji and V. Christides (Athens, 2002), pp. 41-61.

Bloom, J., Paper before Print: The History arid Impact of Paper in the Islamic World (New Haven, CT, 2001).

Borrut, A., 'Architecture des espaces portuaires et réseaux défensifs du littoral syro-palestinien dans les sources arabes (7-11 siècle)", Archéologie Islamique II (2001): 21-46.

Bosworth, С. E., Sistan under the Arabs from the Islamic Conquest to the Rise of the Saffarids (30-250/651-864) (Rome, 1968).

— "Ubaidallah b. Abi Bakra and the 'Army of Destruction' in Zabuli-stan (79/698)", Der Islam I (1973): 268-83.

— "The city of Tarsus and the Arab-Byzantine frontiers in early and middle Abbasid Times", Oriens 33 (1992): 268-86.

— The New Islamic Dynasties (Edinburgh, 1996).

Bowersock, G. W., P. Brown and O. Grabar (eds.), Interpreting Late Antiquity: Essays on the Postclassical World (Cambridge, MA, 2001).

Brett, M. and E. Fentress, The Berbers (Oxford, 1996).

Brock, S., "Syriac views of emergent Islam", in Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society, ed. G. H. A. Juynboll (Carbondale, 1982), pp. 9-21, 199-203, reprinted in idem, Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity (London, 1984).

—"North Mesopotamia in the late seventh century: Book XV of John Bar Penkaye's Ris Ме1Г Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam9 ( 1987) : 51-75.

Brunschvig, R., "Ibn Abdal-hakam et la conquete de l'Afrique du Nord par les Arabes: étude critique", Annales de l'Institut des Etudes Orientales 6 (1942-1947): 108-55.

Bulliet, R., The Camel and the Wheel (Cambridge, MA, 1975).

— Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period. An Essay in Quantitative History (Cambridge, MA, 1979).

— Islam: The View from the Edge (New York, 1994).

Busse, H., "Omar b. al-Khattab in Jerusalem", Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 5 (1984): 73-119.

— "Omar's image as the conqueror of Jerusalem", Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 8 ( 1986) : 149-68.

Butler A. J. The Arab Conquest of Egypt 2nd edn, ed. P. M. Fraser. Oxford, 1978.

Caetani, L., Annali dell Islam, 10 vols. (Milan, 1905-26).

Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, ed. D. Sinor (Cambridge, 1990).

Cambridge History of Egypt, vol. i: Islamic Egypt, 640-1571, ed. C. Petry (Cambridge, 1998).

Cambridge History of Iran, vol. iii: The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasa-nian Periods, ed. E. Yarshater (Cambridge, 1983), vol. iv: The Period from the Arab invasion to the Sajuqs, ed. R. Fiye (Cambridge, 1975).

Cameron, A., "Byzantine Africa — the literary evidence", in Excavations at Carthage 1975-1978, vol. vii, ed. J. H. Humphrey (Ann Arbor, MI, 1977-78), pp. 29-62, reprinted in idem. Changing Cultures inEarly Byzantium (Aldershot, 1996), VII.

— "Cyprus at the time of the Arab conquests", Cyprus Historical Review 1 (1992): 27-49, reprinted in idem, Changing Cultures inEarly Byzantium (Aldershot, 1996), VI.

Chevedden, P. E., "The hybrid trebuchet: the halfway step to the counterweight trebuchet," in On the Social Origins of Medieval Institutions. Essays in Honor of Joseph F. O'Callaghan, ed. D. Kagay and T. Vann (Leiden, 1998), pp. 179-222.

Christensen, A., LIran sous les Sassanides (rev. 2nd edn, Copenhagen, 1944).

Christides V. Byzantine Libya and the March of the Arabs towards the West of North Africa, British Archaeological Reports, International Series 851 (Oxford, 2000).

— 4Arab-Byzantine struggle in the sea: naval tactics (7th-11th с AD): theory and practice", in Aspects of Arab Seafaring, ed. Y.Y. al-Hijji and V. Christides (Athens, 2002), pp. 87-101.

Cole, D. P., Nomads of the Nomads: the Ai Murrah Bedouin of the Empty Quarter (Arlington Heights, 1975).

Collins, R., The Arab Conquest of Spain: 710-797 (Oxford, 1989).

— Visigothic Spain, 409-711 (Oxford, 2004).

Cook, M., Muhammad (Oxford, 1983).

Conrad, L. I., "The conquest of Arwad: a source-critical study in the historiography of the early medieval Near East", in The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, I: Problems in the literary source material, ed. A. Cameron and L. I. Conrad (Papers of the First Workshop on Late Antiquity and Early Islam) (Princeton, NJ, 1992), pp. 317-401.

— "The Arabs", in Cambridge Ancient History, vol. xiv: Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, AD425-600, ed. A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins and M. Whitby (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 678-700.

Constable O. R., Medieval Iberia: Readings in Christian, Muslim and Jewish Sources (Philadelphia, PA, 1997).

Crone, P., Slaves on Horses. The Evolutionof the Islamic Polity (Cambridge, 1980).

— Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam (Oxford, 1987).

— "How did the quranic pagans make a living?", Bulletin of the School of Oriental arid African Studies 63 (2005): 387-99.

Crone, P. and M. A. Cook, Hagarisrru The Making of the Islamic World (Cambridge, 1977).

Crone, P. and G. M. Hinds, God's Caliph: Religious Authority in the First Centuries of Islam [ Cambridge, 1986).

De Goeje, M. J., Mémoire des migrations des Tsiganes à travers VAsie (Leiden, 1903).

De la Vaissière, E., Sogdian Traders: A History (Leiden, 2005).

Dennett, D., Conversion arid Poll-tax in Early Islam(C ambridge, MA, 1950).

Djait, H., Al-Kufœ naissance de la ville islamique (Paris, 1986).

Donner, F. M., The Early Islamic Conquests (Princeton, NJ, 1981).

— Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing (Princeton, NJ, 1998).

Donner, H., The Mosaic Map ofMadabœ An introductory guide (Kam-pen, 1992).

Dunlop, D. M., "A new source of information on the Battle of Tàlas or Atlakh", Ural-Altaische Jahrbiicher 36 (1964): 326-30.

Eickhoff, E., Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwischen Islam und Abend-land: das Mittelmeer unter byzantinischer und arabischer Hegemonies [650-1040) (Berlin, 1966).

El Cheikh, N. M., Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs (Cambridge, MA, 2004).

Esin, E., "Ikbari's report on the warfare with the Tùrgis and the testimony of eighth-centuiy Central Asian Art", Central Asiatic Journal 17 (1973): 130-49.

Fkhmy, A. M., Muslim Naval Organisation in the Eastern Mediterraneanfrom the Seventh to the Tenth Century AD(2nd edn, Cairo, 1966).

Fentress, J. and C. J. Wickham, Social Memory (Oxford, 1992).

Fiey, J. M., "The last Byzantine campaign into Persia and its influence on the attitude of the local populations towards the Muslim conquerors 7-16 H/628-36 AD", in Proceedings of the second symposium on the history ofBilad al-Sham during the early Islamic period up to 40 AH/640 AD, ed A. Bakhit (Amman, 1987), pp. 96-103.

1 ... 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98
Перейти на страницу:
На этой странице вы можете бесплатно скачать Великие арабские завоевания - Хью Кеннеди торрент бесплатно.
Комментарии
Открыть боковую панель
Комментарии
Сергей
Сергей 24.01.2024 - 17:40
Интересно было, если вчитаться