Нейтронные звезды. Как понять зомби из космоса - Катя Москвич
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Хотя я и не стала космонавтом (частично из-за того, что у меня недостаточно хорошее зрение, чтобы управлять реактивным самолетом), я пошла по ее стопам и поступила на инженерный факультет, а потом стала астрофизиком. Но больше всего я благодарна ей за то, что влюбилась в космос – навсегда. Спасибо тебе, Жюли.
Я надеюсь, дорогие читатели, что вы любите космос так же, как я, и что вам понравилось путешествовать со мной по всему миру и за его пределы, далеко вглубь Вселенной. И еще я надеюсь, что эта книга подвигнет молодых людей, прочитавших ее, уйти с головой в выбранную для себя область науки. Потому что нам нужны люди, которые не останавливаются и движутся вперед.
А особенно нам нужны люди, которые время от времени хотят поднять глаза и посмотреть вверх.
Список литературы
Во многих местах, где цитата или авторский текст не сопровождается ссылкой, источник сведений – интервью, которое автор взяла лично, по телефону или по электронной почте.
Глава 1. Столкновение, которое сотрясло космос
1 B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration). GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs. Physical Review X. 9, no. 3 (Sept. 4, 2019): 031040.
2 B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration). GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral. Physical Review Letters. 119 (Oct. 16, 2017): 161101.
3 E. Hamilton. What Is Multi-Messenger Astronomy? UW News. https://news.wisc.edu/what-is-multi-messenger-astronomy/
4 LIGO Congratulates IceCube on Multi-messenger Astronomy Success. News release, LIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, July 16, 2018. www.ligo.caltech.edu/WA/news/ligo20180716
5 B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration). Multi-Messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 848, no. 2 (Oct. 16, 2017): L12.
6 J. Kluger. Marica Branchesi. Time 100: The Most Influential People of 2018, April 30 – May 7, 2018. https://time.com/collection/most-influential-people-2018/5238152/marica-branchesi/
7 Neutron Stars. Imagine the Universe! NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, March 2017. https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/neutron_stars1.html
8 R. N. Manchester. Millisecond Pulsars, Their Evolution and Applications. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. 38 (Sept. 2017): 42.
9 C. Skelly. NASA Continues to Study Pulsars, 50 Years after Their Chance Discovery. NASA, Aug. 1, 2017. www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/nasa-continues-to-study-pulsars-50‑years-after-their-chance-discovery
10 B. P. Abbott et al. GW170817.
11 Astronomers See Light Show Associated with Gravitational Waves. News release 2017–30, Harvard and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Oct. 16, 2017.
12 S. Perkins. Neutron Star Mergers May Create Much of the Universe’s Gold. Science News, Mar. 20, 2018. www.science.org/content/article/neutron-star-mergers-may-create-much-universe-s-gold
13 Isaac Newton’s Apple Tree. Department of Physics, University of York. www.york.ac.uk/physics-engineering-technology/about/newtonsapple-tree/
14 T. Davis et al. Understanding Gravity – Warps and Ripples in Space and Time. Australian Academy of Science. www.science.org.au/curious/space-time/gravity
15 Gravity Investigated with a Binary Pulsar. Press release, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Oct. 13, 1993. www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/press-release/
16 Timeline. LIGO website. www.ligo.caltech.edu/page/timeline
17 H. Johnston. Virgo Bags Its First Gravitational Waves. Sept. 27, 2017. https://physicsworld.com/a/virgo-bags-its-first-gravitational-waves/
18 Virgo in a Nutshell. Virgo website. http://public.virgo-gw.eu/virgoin-a-nutshell/
19 Memorandum of Understanding between VIRGO on One Side and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) on the Other Side. Mar. 20, 2014. https://dcc.ligo.org/LIGO-M060038/public
20 J. Chu. LIGO and Virgo Make First Detection of Gravitational Waves Produced by Colliding Neutron Stars. MIT News Office, Oct. 16, 2017. https://news.mit.edu/2017/ligo-virgo-first-detection-gravitational-waves-colliding-neutron-stars-1016
21 B. P. Abbott et al. GW170817.
22 R. C. Essick. LIGO / Virgo G298048: Fermi GBM Trigger 524666471 / 170817529: LIGO / Virgo Identification of a Possible Gravitational-Wave Counterpart. GCN Circular, Aug. 17, 2017. https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/other/G298048.gcn3
23 First Ever Optical Photons from a Gravitational Wave Source. GW170817 / SSS17a, UCSC News. https://ziggy.ucolick.org/sss17a
24 Team. GRAWITA, Gravitational Waves at INAF. www.grawita.inaf.it/team-2
25 C. Day. Bursts from the Cold War. Physics Today, Aug. 6, 2013. https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.5.010233/full/
26 J. Chu. LIGO and Virgo Make First Detection.
Глава 2. Открытие нейтронных звезд… и маленькие зеленые человечки?
1 J. Bell Burnell. Pliers, Pulsars, and Extreme Physics. Astronomy & Geophysics. 45, no. 1 (Feb. 1, 2004): 1.7–1.11.
2 S. Devons. Rutherford’s Laboratory. Department of Physics, The Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge. www.phy.cam.ac.uk/history/years/rutherford
3 1963: Maarten Schmidt Discovers Quasars. Carnegie Institution for Science. https://cosmology.carnegiescience.edu/timeline/1963.html
4 A. G. Levine. Holmdel Horn Antenna. The Large Horn Antenna and the Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. APSPhysics (2009). www.aps.org/programs/honors/history/historicsites/penziaswilson.cfm
5 L. Badash. Ernest Rutherford, British Physicist. Encyclopedia Britannica, Aug. 26, 2019.
6 James Chadwick. Biographical. The Nobel Prize, Dec. 9, 2019. www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1935/chadwick/biographical/
7 A. S. Burrows. Baade and Zwicky: ‘Super-novae’, Neutron Stars, and Cosmic Rays. PNAS. 112, no. 5 (Feb. 3, 2015): 1241–1242.
8 W. Clavin. Zwicky Transient Facility Opens Its Eyes to the Volatile Cosmos. California Institute of Technology, Nov. 14, 2017. www.caltech.edu/about/news/zwicky-transient-facility-opens-its-eyesvolatile-cosmos-80369
9 A. S. Burrows. Baade and Zwicky.
10 J. R. Oppenheimer, G. M. Volkoff. On Massive Neutron Cores. Physical Review. 55, no. 4 (1939): 374–381.
11 V. Trimble. Oppenheimer, J. Robert. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‑0‑387‑30400‑7_1037
12 J. Sarkissian. Parkes and 3C273: The Identification of the First Quasar. CSIRO. www.parkes.atnf.csiro.au/people/sar049/3C273/
13 1963: Maarten Schmidt Discovers Quasars.
14 J. L. Linsky et al. The Origin of Radio Scintillation in the Local Interstellar Medium. Astrophysical Journal. 675, no. 1 (2008).
15 J. Bell Burnell. Pliers, Pulsars, and Extreme Physics.
16 M. Longair. A Brief History of Radio Astronomy in Cambridge. Cavendish Astrophysics, University of Cambridge, 2016. www.astro.phy.cam.ac.uk/about/history
17 J. Bell Burnell. Pliers, Pulsars, and Extreme Physics.
18 Там же.
19 K. Kellermann, B. Sheets. Serendipitous Discoveries in Radio Astronomy. Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory GreenBank, West Virginia (May 4–6, 1983): 160–170. https://library.nrao.edu/public/collection/02000000000280.pdf
20 Там же.
21
