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27–29.

112

Clayton, p. 64.

113

Quoted in Clayton, p. 67.

114

Colin McEvedy, The New Penguin Atlas of Ancient History (2002), p. 36.

115

Kramer, The Sumerians, p. 61.

116

Roaf, p. 98.

117

Впервые отмечено: Hugo Radau, Early Babylonian History Down to the End of the Fourth Dynasty of Ur (1899), p. 307.

118

David Willis McCullough, ed., Chronicles of the Barbarians (1998), p. 8.

119

Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, p. 62.

120

«The Cursing of Agade», in ETC.

121

Ibid.

122

Kramer, The Sumerians, p. 330.

123

«A tigi to Bau for Gudea», in ETC.

124

«The Victory of Utu-hegal», in ETC.

125

Kramer, The Sumerians, p. 325.

126

«Ur-Namma the canal-digger», in ETC.

127

«A praise poem of Ur-Namma», in ETC.

128

Gen. 10:11–24.

129

Victor P. Hamilton, The Book of Genesis: Chapters 1—17 (1990), p. 363.

130

Adapted from «The death of Ur-Namma (Ur-Namma A)», in ETC.

131

Jonathan N. Tubb, Canaanites: Peoples of the Past (1998), p. 15.

132

J. M. Roberts, p. 41.

133

Tubb, p. 39.

134

Donald B. Redford Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times (1992), p. 63–64.

135

Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2004), p. 80.

136

Quoted in Redford, Egypt, p. 67–68.

137

Qur’an 2.144–150.

138

Roaf, p. 101.

139

Quoted in Leick, Mesopotamia, p. 132–133.

140

Leick, Mesopotamia, p. 126.

141

Roaf, p. 102.

142

Tubb, p. 38.

143

John Perlin, Forest Journey: The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization (1991), p. 43.

144

Thorkild Jacobsen, Salinity and Irrigation Agriculture in Antiquity (1982), p. 468.

145

D. Bruce Dickson, «Circumscription by Anthropogenic Environmental Destruction: An Expansion of Carneiro’s (1970) Theory of the Origin of the State», American Antiquity 52:4 (1987), p. 713.

146

Kramer, The Sumerians, p. 333–334, adapted.

147

Ibid., p. 334–335, adapted.

148

Несколько адаптировано из: «The Lament for Urim», in ETC.

149

Ibid.

150

Verbrugghe and Wickersham, p. 137.

151

Stephan Seidlmayer, «The First Intermediate Period», in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. Ian Shaw (2002), p. 128–129.

152

Verbrugghe and Wickersham, p. 194.

153

Clayton, p. 72.

154

«Instructions for Merikare», in Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, vol. 1 (1975), p. 70.

155

Shaw, p. 161.

156

Ibid., p. 151.

157

Dodson and Hilton, p. 87.

158

Ibid., p. 90.

159

«The Prophecy of Nerferti», quoted in Shaw, p. 158.

160

Clayton, p. 79.

161

Shaw, p. 160.

162

Silverman, p. 79.

163

Reconstruction of «Ishbi-Erra and Kindattu», segments A, B, D, and E in ETC.

164

Roaf, p. no.

165

Saggs, Assyria, p. 28–30.

166

Reconstructed from the somewhat fragmented «Letter from Nann-ki-ag to Lipit-Estar about Gungunum’s troops» and «Letter from Lipit-Estar to Nann-ki-ag about driving away the enemy», both in ETC.

167

«An adab to Nanna for Gungunum (Gungunum A)», in ETC.

168

L.W. King, The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi, vol. 3 (1976), p. 213, translation of «Reign of Sumu-abu».

169

Translated by A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975), p. 155.

170

Assyrian king list quoted in Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.

171

Daniel David Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylon, Volume I: Historical Records of Assyria from the Earliest Times to Sargon (1926), p. 16.

172

Saggs, Assyria, p. 37.

173

Roaf, p. 116.

174

Saggs, Assyria, p. 25.

175

Gwendolyn Leick, The Babylonians: An Introduction (2003), p. 33.

176

Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia, p. 156.

177

H. W. F. Saggs, Babylonians (1995), p. 98.

178

Ssu-ma Ch’ien, The Grand Scribe’s Records, vol. 1, ed. William H. Nienhauser, Jr., translated by Tsai-fa Cheng et al. (1994), p. 21.

179

Ibid., p. 22.

180

Ibid., p. 32.

181

John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History (2002), p. 37.

182

Li Liu and Xingcan Chen, State Formation in Early China (2003), p. 35.

183

Ibid., p. 35.

184

Ch’ien, p. 37.

185

Ibid., p. 38.

186

J. A. G. Roberts, p. 5.

187

Ch’ien, p. 38; the exact quote is «I regret failing to kill T’ang in Hsia-t’ai; that is what has brought me to this».

188

Jorgen Laessoe, People of Ancient Assyria: Their Inscriptions and Correspondence (1963), p. 47.

189

Перефразировано для лучшего понимания из: Laessoe, p. 50.

190

Laessoe, p. 68–69.