В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики - Дэниел Ергин

2. The New York Times, December 1, 1997 (“reasonable”); Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, December 8, 1997 (“economic stars”).

3. Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff, This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009), pp. 18, 157 (“darling”); Timothy J. Colton, Yeltsin: A Life (New York: Basic Books, 2008), p. 411–15 (93 percent); interview with Stanley Fischer, Commanding Heights; interview with Robert Rubin, Commanding Heights.

4. New York Times, December 26, 1998 (“understatement”), January 10, 1999 (cafeteria).

5. Interview with Robert Maguire (“roster”); Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, August 31, 1998 (“Were he alive today”); Douglas Terreson, “The Era of the Super-Major,” Morgan Stanley, February 1998.

6. Ronald Chernow, Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr. (New York: Random House, 1998), pp. 554–55; Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Free Press, 2009), chs. 2, 5.

7. Interview with Lucio Noto (“could survive”).

8. Interview with Laurance Fuller; interview with John Browne; interview with Samuel Gillespie; John Browne, Beyond Business (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2010), pp. 67–71; Joseph Pratt, Prelude to Merger: A History of Amoco Corporation, 1973–1998 (Houston: Hart Publications: 2000), pp. 85–86; U. S. Federal Trade Commission, “BP/Amoco Agree to Divest Gas Stations and Terminals to Satisfy FTC Antitrust Concerns,” press release, December 30, 1998 (“competition”); Amoco Corp., Proxy Statement/Prospectus, October 30, 1998.

9. Browne, Beyond Business, p. 72 (“lap of BP”).

10. Interviews with Lee Raymond, Samuel Gillespie, and Lucio Noto; Exxon Corp., Form S-4 Registration Statement Under the Securities Act of 1933, April 5, 1999; New York Times, December 1, 1998.

11. William J. Baer, testimony, U. S. House of Representatives Committee on Commerce, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, March10, 1999.

12. Wall Street Journal, December 1, 1999.

13. Robert Pitofsky, testimony, U. S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, April 25, 2001 (“prices high”); Jeremy Bulow and Carl Shapiro, “The BP Amoco-ARCO Merger: Alaskan Crude Oil (2000),” in The Antitrust Revolution, ed. John Kwoka Jr. and Lawrence White (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 141 (half a cent), p. 149 (“protect competition”); Browne, Beyond Business, pp. 73–74.

14. Interviews with Thierry Desmarest and Vera de Ladoucette.

15. Interviews with David O’Reilly and William Wicker, New York Times, October 17, 2000 (Bijur).

16. Washington Post, November 19, 2001; interview with Archie Dunham.

17. Interview with Mark Moody-Stuart; Keetie Sluyterman, Keeping Competitive in Turbulent Markets 19 History of Royal Dutch Shell (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 381–95.

18. Interview withDavid O’Reilly.

Глава 5. Нефтегосударство

1. Moises Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs: The Politics of Venezuela’s Economic Reform (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment, 1993), p. 19; Herbert Adams Gibbons, The New Map of South America (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929), pp. 249, 252–53.

2. Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), p. 507 (“the devil”).

3. Terry L. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997); Michael L. Ross, “The Political Economy of the Resource Curse,” World Politics 51 (1999): 297–322 (“ rent-seeking behavior”); Christina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, trans. Kristina Cordero (New York: Random House, 2007), p. 15 (Venezuelan academics).

4. Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs, p. 24 (“reversed Midas touch”); interview with Ngazi Okonjo-Iweala.

5. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty, p. 71, 123 (“change the world!” “couldn’t lose”); Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, p. 5 (“magical liquid”); Gustavo Coronel, The Nationalization of the Venezuelan Oil Industry: From Technocratic Success to Political Failure (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1983).

6. Karl, The Paradox of Plenty, p. 72 (“trap”); Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs, pp. 34–35.

7. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, p. 59; Naim, Paper Tigers and Minotaurs, pp. 100–4.

8. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, pp. 4, 29, 43.

9. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, ch. 17.

10. Interview with Luis Giusti.

11. Interview with Luis Giusti.

12. Middle East Economic Survey, December 8, 1997 (Jakarta).

13. The New York Times, December 6, 1998 (“reeling”).

14. Interview with Luis Giusti (fire Giusti); Nicholas Kozloff, Hugo Chávez: Oil, Politics, and the Challenge to the U. S. (New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2006), p. 13; BusinessWeek (International Edition), October 26, 1998; Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, p. 107 (Caldera).

15. Chávez quotes in New York Times, April 10, 1999, May 2, 1999, July 27, 2000; Richard Gott, Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution (London: Verso, 2005), p. 13 (“same sea”).

16. Brian A. Nelson, The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chávez and the Making of Modern Venezuela (New York: Nation Books, 2009), pp. 125–26 (chief of security); New York Times, July 28, 2000 (“annihilate,” “devils”).

17. Bernard Mommer, Changing Venezuelan Oil Policy, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, April 1999; Middle East Economic Survey, July 8, 2002.

18. Gott, Hugo Chávez and the Bolivarian Revolution, p. 170.

19. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, September 18, 2000 (“soaring oil prices”), September 25, 2000 (“brewing energy crisis”).

Глава 6. Глобальный сбой

1. Adam Smith, Paper Money (New York: Summit Books, 1981), p. 229.

2. Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, November 11, 2002.

3. Cristina Marcano and Alberto Barrera Tyszka, Hugo Chávez: The Definitive Biography of Venezuela’s Controversial President (New York: Random House, 2007), p. 145 (“a great human network”); Brian A. Nelson, The Silence and the Scorpion: The Coup Against Chávez and the Making of Modern Venezuela (Nation Books: New York, 2009), pp. 14, 74.

4. Marcano and Tyszka, Hugo Chávez, pp. 173, 175, 180.

5. Nelson, The Silence and the Scorpion, pp. 246–47.

6. Interview with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala.

7. Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Oil and Politics in the Gulf of Guinea (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 73–79; Nicholas Shaxson, Poisoned Wells: The Dirty Politics of African Oil (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), pp. 16–19; Xavier Sali-i-Martin and Arvind Subramanian, “Addressing the Natural Resource Curse: An Illustration from Nigeria,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper, July 2003; Peter M. Lewis, Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007), ch. 5.

8. Transparency International, Global Corruption Report 2004.

9. WAC Global Services, “Peace and Security in the Niger Delta: Conflict Expert Group Baseline Report,” Working Paper for SPDC, December 2003 (“criminalization”); Stephen Davis, The Potential for Peace and Reconciliation in the Niger Delta, Coventry Cathedral, February 2009, pp. 67–68, 101–33 (“new dimension”); Stephen Davis, “Prospects for Peace in the Niger Delta,” presentation, CSIS Africa Program, June 15, 2009; IRIN Africa, “Nigeria: Piracy Report Says Nigerian Waters the Most Deadly,” July 27, 2004 (“international waters”); Petroleum Intelligence Weekly, October 4, 2004 (“pushed”).

10. Jane’s World Insurgency and Terrorism, “Nigeria Delta Groups,” March 6, 2006.

11. Financial Times, June 7, 2006 (Greenspan).

12. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Hurricane Katrina: A Climatological Perspective, Preliminary Report,” October 2005; Ivor van Heerden and Mike Bryan, The Storm: What Went Wrong and Why During Hurricane Katrina– the Inside Story from One Louisiana Scientist (New York: Viking, 2006), ch. 4.

13. U. S. Department of Energy, Impact of the 2005 Hurricanes on the Natural Gas Industry in the Gulf of Mexico Region: Final Report 2006, p. 2; U. S. Department of Energy, “Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Chronology”; U. S. Department of Energy, “Department of Energy’s Hurricane Response Chronology, as Referred to by Secretary Bodman at Today’s Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Hearing,” October 27, 2005.

Глава 7. Война в Ираке

1. Interview with Philip Carroll. Michah Sifry and Christopher Cerf, The Iraq War Reader: History, Documents, and Opinions (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), p. 618 (“addiction”); Richard Haass, War of Necessity, War of Choice: A Memoir of Two Iraq Wars (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), p. 162; Paul Pillar, “Intelligence, Policy, and the War in Iraq” Foreign Affairs 85, no. 2 (2006) (“broad consensus”), p. 20; Report to the President, March31, 2005, The Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, pp. 157–87.

2. New York Times, February 10, 2003 (“indisputable”); interview (“no evidence”).

3. New York Times, October 7, 2004 (“deceiving”); Sifry and Cerf, The Iraq War Reader, p. 413 (chemical and biological); interview.

4. Catherine Collins and Douglas Frantz, Fallout: The True Story of the CIA’s Secret War on Nuclear Trafficking (New York: Free Press, 2011), p. 23; Laura Bush, Spoken from the Heart (New York: Scribner, 2010), pp. 242, 277; George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Crown, 2010), p. 253; Haass, War of Necessity, War of Choice, p. 234 (“unable to prevent”); Pillar, “Intelligence, Policy, and the War in Iraq,” p. 21 (“any analysis”).

5. Thomas E. Ricks, Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq (New York: Penguin Press, 2007), chs. 2–3; interview with John Negroponte (“toughest message”).