Злой рок. Политика катастроф - Фергюсон Ниал (Нил)

Вернуться

671

Keneally, Three Famines, p. 95.

Вернуться

672

Bayly and Harper, Forgotten Armies, pp. 284–287.

Вернуться

673

Frank Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962 (London: Bloomsbury, 2017), p. 333; Andrew G. Walder, China Under Mao: A Revolution Derailed (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), p. 173.

Вернуться

674

Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society, and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Famine (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996).

Вернуться

675

Xin Meng, Nancy Qian, and Pierre Yared, «The Institutional Causes of China’s Great Famine, 1959-61», NBER Working Paper No. 16361 (September 2010).

Вернуться

676

Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, pp. 39f.

Вернуться

677

Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, pp. 113f., 133

Вернуться

678

Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, pp. 178ff., 276, 301f.

Вернуться

679

Cormac Ó Gráda, «Eating People Is Wrong: Famine’s Darkest Secret?» in Eating People Is Wrong, pp. 11–37.

Вернуться

680

Bengal statistics from Tim Dyson, Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day (Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 2018), and Stephen Devereux, «Famine in the Twentieth Century», IDS Working Paper 105 (2000). Ireland statistics from Joel Mokyr, Why Ireland Starved: A Quantitative and Analytical History of the Irish Economy, 1800–1850 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1983).

Вернуться

681

Theodore M. Vestal, «Famine in Ethiopia: Crisis of Many Dimensions», Africa Today 32, no. 4 (1984), pp. 7-28.

Вернуться

682

Mark R. Jury, «Climatic Determinants of March – May Rainfall Variability over Southeastern Ethiopia», Climate Research 66, no. 3 (December 2015), pp. 201–210.

Вернуться

683

С 1964 по 1970 год Менгисту трижды побывал с визитом в США и прошел курсы подготовки офицеров на Складе сухопутных войск в Саванне, Иллинойс; на Испытательном полигоне в Абердине, Мэриленд; и в Общевойсковом центре армии США, Форт-Ливенворт, Канзас. Как сообщает один отчет, он столкнулся с расовыми предрассудками, и это никоим образом не внушило ему любви к капитализму и демократии. (Прим. авт.)

Вернуться

684

Alex de Waal, Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia (New York and London: Human Rights Watch, 1991); Peter Gill, Fa mine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010).

Вернуться

685

Keneally, Three Famines, p. 125.

Вернуться

686

David Rieff, «The Humanitarian Aid Industry’s Most Absurd Apologist», New Republic, November 28, 2010, https://newrepublic.com/article/79491/humanitarian-aid-industrys-most-absurd-apologist-geldof.

Вернуться

687

Chandler Collier, «London Coal Fog of 1880», https://prezi.com/fbho-h7ba7f5/london-coal-fogof1880/.

Вернуться

688

The Hon. R. Russell, London Fogs (Gloucester: Dodo Press, 2009 [1880]), pp. 5–6, https://www.victo rianlondon.org/weather/londonfogs.htm.

Вернуться

689

Christopher Klein, «The Great Smog of 1952», History, December 5, 2012, updated August 22, 2018, https://www.history.com/news/the-killer-fog-that-blanketed-london60years-ago.

Вернуться

690

Camila Domonoske, «Research on Chinese Haze Helps Crack Mystery of London’s Deadly 1952 Fog», The Two-Way, NPR, November 23, 2016, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/23/503156414/researchonchinese-haze-helps-crack-mysteryoflondons-deadly-1952-fog; Jane Onyanga-Omara, «Mystery of London Fog That Killed 12,000 Finally Solved», USA Today, December 13, 2016, https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/12/13/scientists-say-theyve-solved-mystery-1952-london-killer-fog/95375738/.

Вернуться

691

Peter Thorsheim, Inventing Pollution: Coal, Smoke, and Culture in Britain Since 1800 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2017), p. 161.

Вернуться

692

H. Ross Anderson et al., «Health Effects of an Air Pollution Episode in London, December 1991», Thorax 50 (1995), pp. 1188–1193.

Вернуться

693

Winston S. Churchill, The World Crisis, 1911–1914 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1923), p. 41.

Вернуться

694

Давид Ллойд Джордж. Военные мемуары. Томы I–II / Пер. И. Звавича. М., 1934. Т. 1, гл. 2.

Вернуться

695

David Lloyd George, War Memoirs, vol. I (London: Odhams Press, 1938), pp. 32, 34f. [На русском языке: Давид Ллойд Джордж. Военные мемуары / Пер. И. Звавича. М., Соцэкгиз, 1934. Т. 1. Гл. 2. С. 63, 65.]

Вернуться

696

Samuel Hynes, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (London: Pimlico, 1990), p. 106.

Вернуться

697

Alan Clark, The Donkeys (London: Random House, 2011 [1961]); John Laffin, British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One (Stroud, UK: Sutton, 1992).

Вернуться

698

John Terraine, Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier (London: Cassell, 1963).

Вернуться

699

Gary Sheffield, «An Exercise in Futility», History Today 66, no. 7 (2016), pp. 10–18. См. также: Gary Sheffield, The Somme (London: Cassell, 2003).

Вернуться

700

William Philpott, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (London: Abacus, 2016).

Вернуться

701

Gary Sheffield, The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army (London: Aurum Press, 2012) p. 166.

Вернуться

702

Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson, Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914-18 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992), p. 78.

Вернуться

703

David French, «The Meaning of Attrition», English Historical Review 103, no. 407 (1986), p. 403.

Вернуться

704

Trevor Wilson, The Myriad Faces of War: Britain and the Great War, 1914–1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 309; Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 150f.

Вернуться

705

Sheffield, «Exercise in Futility.»

Вернуться

706

Prior and Wilson, Command on the Western Front, pp. 153, 163–166.

Вернуться

707

Ernst Jünger, The Storm of Steel: From the Diary of a German Storm-Troop Officer on the Western Front, trans. Basil Creighton (London: Chatto & Windus, 1929), pp. 92ff., 106f.

Вернуться

708

John Terraine, The First World War (London: Secker and Warburg, 1984), p. 172.

Вернуться

709

French, «Meaning of Attrition», p. 386.

Вернуться

710

Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War: Understanding World War I (New York: Basic Books, 1998), pp. 332f.

Вернуться

711

R. H. Tawney, «Some Reflections of a Soldier», in The Attack and Other Papers (London: Allen & Unwin, 1953).

Вернуться

712

Nicholas Reeves, «Film Propaganda and Its Audience: The Example of Britain’s Official Films During the First World War», Journal of Contemporary History 18, no. 3 (1983), pp. 464–494.